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This article gives a review or several hypotheses on the biological effects of non-thermal radiofrequency/ microwave (RF/MW) radiation and discusses our own fi ndings from animal and in vitro studies performed over the last decade. We have found that RF/MW radiation disturbs cell proliferation and leads to cell differentiation in the bone marrow, which is refl ected in the peripheral blood of rats. Repeated RF/MW radiation can also temporarily disrupt melatonin turnover. The observed changes seem to be a sign of adaptation to stress caused by irradiation rather than of malfunction. The article looks further into the basic mechanisms of RF/MW biological action, including cell growth parameters, colony-forming ability, viability, and the polar and apolar protein cytoskeleton structures. The observed reversible cell changes signifi cantly obstructed cell growth. In contrast to the apolar intermediate proteins, the intracellular polar microtubule and actin fi bres were damaged by radiation in a time-dependent manner. These signifi cantly altered parameters can be considered as the biomarkers of exposure. Future research should combine dosimetry, experimental studies, and epidemiological data.

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Summary Although the physiological function of serum butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) has not yet been clarified, there is evidence that this enzyme is involved in serum lipoprotein metabolism. It has been suggested that serum BuChE is positively correlated with LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and negatively with HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels. The objective of this study was to determine whether the activity of BuChE changes during treatment with simvastatin (CAS 79902-63-9). The effects of simvastatin therapy on serum lipoproteins and plasma BuChE activity were studied in 15 patients with type IIa and 17 patients with type IIb hyperlipoproteinemia. Beside the expected influence on serum lipid concentration, a statistically significant decrease in BuChE activity in patients with hyperli-poproteinemia type IIa and IIb during treatment with simvastatin was not observed.