La selva de los Chimalapas al sureste de México, es una de las regiones prioritarias para la conservación. En esta región existen áreas de bosques y selvas en buen estado de conservación queno han sido exploradas anteriormente. El estudio de las poblaciones de mamíferos así como los análisis de abundancia relativa y patrones de actividad pueden ayudar a entender la estructura del ecosistema de esta región. Por medio del uso de cámaras trampa, se determinó la abundancia relativa así como los patrones de actividad de los mamíferos medianos y grandes en la región de los Chimalapas, en Oaxaca, México. Se realizaron dos periodos de muestreo fotográfico en la temporada seca de 2009 y la lluviosade 2010 con un total de 54 cámaras trampas en cada periodo. Con un esfuerzo total de muestreo de 4,860 días-trampa, se lograron registrar 22 especies, 20 de mamíferos medianos y grandes y dos de aves. El 50% de las especies se encuentran dentro de alguna categoría de riesgo por las leyes nacionales e internacionales.Las especies más abundantes fueron Cuniculus paca, Tayassu pecari, Dasyprocta mexicana, Pecari tajacu, Tapirus bairdii y Dasypus novemcinctus, mientras que la menos abundante fue Urocyoncinereoargenteus. Se registraron tres tipos de patrones de actividad: Nocturno-Crepuscular; con 13 especies, Diurnos-Nocturno-Crepuscular (24 hr); tres especies, y Diurnos con cinco especies. Con esta información se pretende contribuir a la planeación del manejo y conservación de los mamíferos en esta importante región de México.

Mammals of Zoque Forest, Mexico: richness, use and conservation. Zoque Forest is one of the richest and threatened regions in Southeastern Mexico, and for which few studies on mammal biology and use are available. Here we analyzed the conservation status of mammalian species according to Mexican and international laws, with an updated checklist of mammals in this forest, and some information on their use by some rural communities. Basic information was obtained from national and international collections and publications. A total of 42 fieldtrips, that followed conventional techniques, were conducted from 2003 through 2010, and some questionnaires to local hunters were applied. The mammalian fauna found in the area was composed of 149 species belonging to 99 genera and 30 families; these results support that the Zoque Forest is the richest in the number of mammalian species in Mexico. A total of 35 species were considered at risk by the Mexican National Law NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, and 21 species were found to be registered in the IUCN Red List or in CITES. Of the 40 species included in any of the lists, only the Baird's tapir, jaguar and white-lipped peccary were included in all three lists and 14 species were shared by the two of them. The main uses of mammals in order of importance are: 1) bushmeat, 2) pets, 3) skins, and 4) traditional medicine. Subsistence hunting and trade are unofficially allowed for farmers in this area. As for now, the region has healthy populations of a large number of mammals even though they have been used by local residents. However, since a considerable number of these species are listed under some criterion of threat, local authorities are called for more control. Rev. Biol. Trop. 60 (2): 781-797. Epub 2012 June 01.

SummaryThe study was conducted to investigate the phenotypic diversity of Guajolote present in small backyard poultry operations. From September 2004 to July 2006, in 54 municipalities in the coastal region of Oaxaca, Mexico 768 “guajalotes” growers were visited. Eleven different phenotypes of Guajolote, previously described as turkey varieties, have been identified. The phenotypes identified and their frequency are: Bronze (30.1%), Black (29.0%), Royal Palm (13.4%), Auburn (5.3%), Bourbon Red (5.2%), Narragancet (2.6%), Spotted (2.4%), Brown (2.2%), Slate (1.7%), White (1.5%) and Imperfect Albino (0.2%). The remainder (6.4%) were not identified as a phenotype previously described. This is the first report about the phenotypic differentiation of Guajolote in Mexico.

Resumen. En Oaxaca son escasos los registros que se conocen del jaguar (Panthera onca), por lo que en este trabajo se actualiza su distribución geográfica y genera un modelo de distribución potencial de la especie en el estado. Se revisaron literatura y bases de datos de colecciones científicas nacionales y extranjeras y se realizó trabajo de campo. Se obtuvieron 31 registros; de éstos, el 83.87% son del trabajo de campo y el 16.13% de la literatura y colecciones científicas. Los registros pertenecen a la clase I de veracidad; son principalmente cráneos y pieles (48.39%), huellas y excrementos (25.81%), en su mayoría de las regiones

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30(1): 74-90. RESUMEN. La cacería de subsistencia y la pérdida de hábitat son dos de las principales actividades humanas que tienen un efecto negativo sobre la fauna silvestre en las fronteras de colonización. En la presente investigación se estudió el uso consuntivo que se da a la fauna silvestre en varias comunidades de la Selva Zoque, México. Durante el año 2012 y principios del 2013 se realizó una serie de visitas a la región para conocer y listar la riqueza de especies y usos que los habitantes hacen de ella, describir los métodos de caza más utilizados, las especies preferidas y su frecuencia y/o aprovechamiento. En total se cazaron 202 animales por 13 cazadores participantes, el grupo biológico más utilizado es el de los mamíferos, N = 13 especies; las aves el segundo grupo, N = 4 especies y los reptiles el menos aprovechado, N = 1 especies. El aprovechamiento de esta última clase está orientado al uso alimenticio, y en menor grado, al artesanal, a diferencia de los otros dos grupos, que en su mayoría tienen uso alimentario, control, ornamental y medicinal. El total de biomasa obtenida durante el estudio fue de 1900 kg. La biomasa aprovechada varió significativamente entre especies (p > 0.001). La mayor producción de carne se obtuvo a partir de: Pecari tajacu, Cuniculus paca, Dasypus novemcinctus, Tapirus bairdii, Mazama temama y Tayassu pecari. La batida fue la técnica más usada, también se identificaron las técnicas de espía o acecho en sitios de alimentación, parcelas de trabajo y lampareo en áreas conservadas. Los tipos de armas más empleadas fueron las escopetas calibre 0.12, 0.16, 0.20 y rifle 0.22. La cacería de subsistencia es una actividad complementaria a las actividades agrícolas y ganaderas que las poblaciones campesinas realizan en la Selva Zoque; sin embargo, es necesario continuar realizando monitoreos para planear la sustentabilidad de ese recurso.

We evaluated the impact of the extensive livestock practices and subsistence hunting on the relative abundance of mammals in the Zoque, forest, Mexico. We used camera-traps, structured questionnaires and visits to different locations. With a total sampling effort of 4,860 trap-days and 54 camera-traps in two periods of sampling (2009 and 2010), we registered 25 mammals and five birds species. From the total number of species, 36.66% are in some category of endangerment by national and international laws. The most abundant species in the region were Bos taurus / Bos indicus, Tayassu pecari, Cuniculus paca, Pecari tajacu, Dasyprocta mexicana, Tapirus bairdii and Dasypus novemcinctus, while the least abundant were the carnivores in that region. The secondary vegetation was used with greater intensity for domestic livestock and the Pecari tajacu, Urocyon cinereoargenteus and Ortalis vetula (P < 0.05), while the majority of medium and large mammals and wild birds used the well-preserved jungle fragments with greater intensity. These jungle fragments were of varying sizes and were associated with fruit trees and hunting zones in the region (P < 0.05). Mammals were mainly utililized for the following reasons in order of importance: 1) as bushmeat, 2) as pets, 3) for their skins, and, 4) for traditional medicine. Finally the extensive livestock practices and subsistence hunting are the main human activities that have a negative effect on wildlife in the Zoque forest.

is endangered primarily because of habitat loss and fragmentation, and overhunting throughout its distribution range. One of the priority land areas for the conservation of this species is the Northern part of its range in the Chimalapas forest, Oaxaca. The aim of this research was to determine the relative abundance, population structure, habitat preferences and activity patterns of Baird´s tapir (Tapirus bairdii) in the Chimalapas forest, Oaxaca, Mexico, through the non-invasive technique of camera-trap sampling. A total of five sampling sessions were undertaken among 2009-2013, and used a total of 30 camera-traps in each period. The determinant factor of the sampling design was the hunting between two study areas. A total sampling effort of 9 000 trap-days allowed to estimate an index of relative abundance (IRA) of 6.77 tapir photographs/1 000 trap-days (n=61). IRA varied significantly between sampling stations (Mann-Whitney, p<0.01). The frequency of Baird´s tapir photos was higher in the dry season in tropical rain forest without hunting (x², p<0.5). In the rainy season, the tropical rain forest and secondary vegetation habitats showed higher photo frequency than expected from random (x², p<0.5).Considering population structure, a 95.08% of adult animals was obtained in photographic records (n=58). Three types of activity pattern were observed, with more nocturnal records (88.33%; Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.05). The Chimalapas forest appears to be the second most important terrestrial priority ecoregion, just after the Mayan Forest (Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo), for the conservation of tapir populations, not only for Mexico but also for Central America. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (4): 1407-1419. Epub 2014 December 01.