The research aimed to evaluate the utilization of Japanese quail hatchery waste powder in feed on feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion ratio. The materials used were 4 weeks old 160 Japanese quails with an average weight of 94.19 ± 7.36 gram. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments (0%, 9%, 12%, and 15% of Japanese quail hatchery waste powder in feed) and five replications. Parameters observed were feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion ratio. The data were analysed using analysis of variance and continued with Duncan's multiple range test 5% level. The results showed that the addition of Japanese quail hatchery powder in feed had a significant effect (P>0.05) on feed intake and egg mass, but not on egg production and feed conversion ratio. The conclusion of this study was Japanese quail hatchery waste could be used on quail's feed until 15% without changing feed intake, egg production, egg mass and feed conversion ratio.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the feeding effect of diet composed of microparticle protein added with lime juice as an acidifier on immune status and efficiency of protein utilization in relation to the growth of broiler chicken. Dietary treatments tested were P1 was diet with 20% intact protein and CaCO3 as a Ca source, P2 was diet with 20% microparticle protein and eggshell as a Ca source added with 1.2% lime juice, and P3 was diet with 20% microparticle protein and eggshell as a Ca source added with 2.4% lime juice. Variables measured were protein and amino acids digestibility, retentions of N and Ca, fecal Nτ–methyl histidine (Nτ–MH) excretion as a protein turnover index, lymphoid organs, heterophil and lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, immunoglobulin A (IgA) as a body resistance indicator, feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 8 replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Duncan test at 5% probability. Protein and amino acid digestibility, N, and Ca retentions were significantly (p<0.05) higher in P2 and P3. However, the H/L ratio was significantly (p<0.05) lower in both treatments compared to P1. Bursa fabricius and lymph weights were not difference, but BWG in P2 significantly (p<0.05) increased. In conclusion, protein and some essential amino acids digestibility, N and Ca retentions, IgA, and BWG increase with the decrease in H/L ratio, fecal Nτ–MH, feed consumption, and FCR in broiler fed diet composed of microparticle protein source with additional 1.2 mL acidifier of lime juice.

This study aimed to assess the effect of a mixture of garlic powder and Lactobacillus casei (GLC) on intestinal development, hematological parameters, nutrient digestibility, and performance of broilers in the starter phase. One hundred forty 1-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four groups, namely control (not given GLC supplement) and given GLC supplement either 1%, 2%, and 3% of total feed. Chickens were reared for 21 days in an open cage. On the 21st day of the experiment, blood collection, lymphoid organ and digestive organ weight, and performance data were recorded. Accumulative feed intake until day 21 did not differ (P>0.05) among treatment groups. In this study, there were improvements in the height of villi in the jejunum, and the acidity in the duodenum and caecum, due to the increase of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA: acetate and propionate). Protein and crude fiber digestibility in the GLC-given chickens was significantly higher than in the control group ((P≤0.05). GLC supplementation (1%, 2%, and 3% of total feed) significantly increased body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) (P≤0.05). In conclusion, the use of GLC during the starter phase can improve the nutrient digestibility, intestinal health, and performance of broiler chickens.

The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of dietary vitamin E supplementation in Kedu and Cemani hens reraed in situ and given farmer-formulated diet on egg performances. A total of 120 female and 24 male birds were equally divided into two groups of Kedu and Cemani, with average body weight of 1890+216.79 and 1830+396.23 g, respectively. Basal ration was based on the diet formulated by the farmer (R1) consisting of corn (30%), rice bran (50%), protein concentrate (15%), and premix (5%).Dietary treatments evaluated were R1 (without additional vitamin E), and the other three were the inclusion of DL α-tocopheryl acetate into the R1 diet up to 2 (R2), 4 (R3) and 6 IU (R4). The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments, and 2 different groups of hen (Kedu and Cemani) were assigned as block. Parameters observed were feed consumption, hen day production, feed conversion ratio, egg quality, fertility, and hatchability. The result showed that vitamin E supplementation did not affect whatever parameters, except egg fertility. Egg hatchability between Kedu and Cemani hens was significantly different (p<0.05). Trend comparison test indicated significantly linear (p<0.05) for fertility and hatchability. In conclusion, vitamin E supplementation up to 6 IU increased linearly egg fertility and hatchability of about 5-8%, and egg hatchability of Kedu hens was higher (11%) than that of Cemani.

This study aimed to determine the effect of addition of onion skin flour (OSF) and garlic skin flour (GSF) on feed digestibility of crude protein, body weight gain and carcass percentage of Mojosari ducks. The research used 168 Mojosari duck males aged 4 weeks and had an average weight of 335.5 ± 72 g/duck (CV = 7.8%). The study used completely randomized design with7 treatments and 4 replications (T0 = basal feed (BF); T1 = BF + 3% OSF; T2 = BF+ 6% OSF; T3 = BF+ 3% GSF; T4 = BF+ 6% GSF; T5 = BF + 1.5% OSF + 1.5% GSF; and T6 = BF+ 3% OSF + 3% GSF).The results showed that the protein digestibility was found higher (P <0.05) in T6 (80.08%) than T0 (74.76%), T1 (73.71%), and T2 (75.54%). Meanwhile, protein digestibility of T4 (79.26%) were higher (P <0.05) than T1 (73.71%). Another findings showed that body weight gain of T0 (15.88 g) were lower (P <0.05) than T1 (18.48 g); T2 (18.42 g); T3 (17.96 g); T4 (19.77 g); and T6 (19.05 g). The addition of OSF and GSF could not influence (P>0.05) the duck carcass percentage. The study concluded that the addition of 6% GSF and combination of 3% OSF + 3% GSF could improve crude protein digestibility and weight gain, but was not able to increase the percentage of duck carcasses. Keywords: duck, digestible protein, body weight, carcas PENDAHULUANItik merupakan salah satu jenis unggas yang memiliki kontribusi dalam menyediakan protein hewani berupa telur dan daging bagi masyarakat. Berbagai macam penelitian telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan rendahnya produktivitas itik, salah satunya dengan memberikan perlakuan pada pakan itik yang bertujuan untuk meningkatan nutrien pakan, meningkatan kecernaan, maupun meningkatan kesehatan itik.Bawang merupakan tanaman yang telah dikenal masyarakat sebagai tanaman yang memiliki banyak khasiat, salah satunya sebagai obat. Kandungan fitokimia berupa flavonoid, fructans, organosulfur dan saponin pada bawang memiliki peran penting sebagai antioksidan dan antibakteri yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Disisi lain, kulit bawang merupakan limbah yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Skerget et al. (2009) menyebutkan bahwa kandungan fitokimia pada kulit bawang lebih tinggi daripada bagian umbinya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kulit bawang pada pakan berpotensi meningkatkan produktivitas itik dengan harga yang relatif murah.

No abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan sumber minyak yang berbeda terhadap kecernaan lemak dan kualitas daging ayam broiler. Ternak percobaan sebanyak 144 ekor unsex dan sumber minyak (minyak sisa penggorengan, minyak kelapa sawit dan minyak bekatul). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan  dan 4 ulangan (masing-masing unit berisi 6 ekor). Perlakuan yang diterapkan meliputi T1 (ransum dengan 1,5%  minyak sisa penggorengan), T2 (ransum dengan 3%  minyak sisa penggorengan), T3 (ransum dengan 1,5%  minyak kelapa sawit), T4 (ransum dengan 3%  minyak kelapa sawit), T5 (ransum dengan 1,5%  minyak bekatul) dan T6 (ransum dengan 3%  minyak bekatul). Parameter yang diukur meliputi kecernaan lemak, bobot relatif lemak abdominal, massa lemak daging dan massa kolesterol daging.  Data diuji menggunakan uji Anova dan uji beda nyata Duncan pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan minyak berbeda berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kecernaan lemak, bobot relatif lemak abdominal, massa lemak dan kolesterol daging. Kesimpulan adalah penggunaan minyak bekatul 1,5 and 3% (T5 and T6) pada  ayam broiler mampu menurunkan kecernaan lemak, bobot relative lemak abdominal, massa lemak dan kolesterol daging.Kata kunci: sumber minyak berbeda, kecernaan lemak, kualitas daging, ayam broilerABSTRACTThe research aims to determine the utilization of different oil sources on fat digestibility and meat quality broiler chicken. Experimental animals were 144 birds of unsex dan oil sources (waste oil, palm oil dan rice bran oil). The present experiment was assigned in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications (6 birds each). Treatments were as follows: T1 (diet with 1,5% waste oil), T2 (diet with 3% waste oil), T3 (diet with 1,5% palm oil), T4 (diet with 3% palm oil), T5 (diet with 1,5% rice bran oil), and T6 (diet with 3% rice bran oil). Parameter measured were fat digestibility, relative weight of abdominal fat, fat meat mass and cholesterol meat mass. Data were subjected to analysis of Anova and Duncan of level 5%. Results of the present study indicated that the feeding of three different oil sources of significantly (P<0,05) on fat digestibility, the relative weight of abdominal fat, fat meat mass, and cholesterol meat mass. In conclusion that feeding of 1,5 and 3% rice bran oil (T5 and T6) in diet broiler chicken able to decrease fat digestibility, the relative weight of abdominal fat, fat meat mass, and cholesterol meat mass.Keywords: different oil sources, fat digestibility, meat quality, broiler chicken

Evaluation of feeding diet composed of microparticle protein source added with inulin of chicory root and Lactobacillus acidophilus on intestinal bacteria population, protein digestibility, and performance of broiler was the purpose of the present study. Experimental animals were 248 birds of day old broiler with body weight of 48.2±0.50g (240 birds for the main experiment, and 8 birds for endogenous correction). Feed composed of microparticle protein source added with inulin of chicory and Lactobacillus acidophilus at 1.2%, respectively. A completely randomized design with five treatments and six replications (8 birds each) was set in the present study. Treatments tested were R0: diet with 20% intact protein (control); R1: diet with 18% microparticle protein, R2: R1 + 1.2% inulin of chicory; R3: R1 + 1.2% Lactobacillus acidophilus; and R4: R1 + 1.2% Lactobacillus acidophilus + 1.2% inulin of chicory. Total lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliform, protein digestibility, and broiler performances (muscle protein mass, feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion (FCR) were the parameters observed. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and continued to Duncan test at 5% probability level. LAB population significantly (P<0.05) increased, and in contrast, coliform count and FCR significantly (P<0.05) decreased in R2, R3 and R4. Protein digestibility and BWG improved in R3 and R4, but FI enhanced only in R4. In conclusion, feed composed of microparticle protein sources with addition of either chicory inulin or Lactobacillus acidophilus at 1.2%, respectively, increase total LAB, protein digestibility and growth performances of broilers. The combination of both additives have more profound effect on productivity and produce a healthy meat product indicated by high muscle protein mass derived from host animal with low pathogen.