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The rapid changes in nanotechnology over the last ten years have given scientists and engineers a lot of new things to study. The nanofluid constitutes one of the most significant advantages that has come out of all these improvements. Nanofluids, colloid suspensions of metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles in common base fluids, are known for their astonishing ability to transfer heat. Previous research has focused on developing mathematical models and using varied geometries in nanofluids to boost heat transfer rates. However, an accurate mathematical model is another important factor that must be considered because it dramatically affects how heat flows. As a result, before using nanofluids for real-world heat transfer applications, a mathematical model should be used. This article provides a brief overview of the Tiwari and Das nanofluid models. Moreover, the effects of different geometries, nanoparticles, and their physical properties, such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity, as well as the role of cavities in entropy generation, are studied. The review also discusses the correlations used to predict nanofluids’ thermophysical properties. The main goal of this review was to look at the different shapes used in convective heat transfer in more detail. It is observed that aluminium and copper nanoparticles provide better heat transfer rates in the cavity using the Tiwari and the Das nanofluid model. When compared to the base fluid, the Al2O3/water nanofluid’s performance is improved by 6.09%. The inclination angle of the cavity as well as the periodic thermal boundary conditions can be used to effectively manage the parameters for heat and fluid flow inside the cavity.

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Recent studies on low-salinity waterflooding (LSW) and CO2 water-alternating gas (WAG) use are noteworthy because of their effectiveness in recovered oil content retention in mature fields. s the brine salinity decreases, the solubility of CO2also increases. The CO2in the injected water is expected to reduce the water/oil interfacial tension (IFT), and thus previouslytrapped oil in the rock by capillary forces will flow. However, as of yet, a fewresearches havefocusedon the fluid/fluidinteraction involving waxy crude oil/brinein the LSW-WAGprocess. Twomodels, both of which have been developed from experimental interfacial tension measurements, assist in estimating the CO2's effect on oil/water interfacial tension in the presence and absence of CO2. This objective is accomplished by designing experiments using the modified central composite design (CCD)method in response surface methodology (RSM). Theeffectof pressure, brine salinity, and CO2on oil/water IFT are taken into consideration while modelling.Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the optimal values of input variables based on the developed model to obtain an acceptable model. The R-squared values indicate that the developed models arecapable of accurately forecasting the experimental results of oil/water IFT using Dulang crude oil and seven different brine salinities. The findings of this study are expected to shed light on the fluid/fluid interaction behaviour during the LSW-WAG recovery process in a mature field producing waxy crude oil.

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Penelitian ini melihat sejauh mana problematika perdagangan manusia (human trafficking), yang merupakan isu krusial dalam dunia politik sejak tahun 1990-an. Feminis, organisasi Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM), gerakan sosial perempuan, dan semua pihak yang peduli terhadap isu tersebut berupaya mengungkap perdagangan manusia, yakni perempuan-perempuan yang-dipaksa‖ berimigrasi dan bekerja sebagai pelacur, sebuah persoalan internasional dan merupakan bentuk-perbudakan modern‖ (modern day slavery). Dari sinilah peneliti mencoba melihat potret perempuan korban perdagangan manusia di Madura. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif biografis, yang mana hasil penelitian ini merupakan sebuah potret panjang mengenai proses lahirnya perdagangan manusia, ketika menjadi korban, dan pasca menjadi korban atau pulang ke tempat asal mereka. Ekonomi, dorongan keluarga, pendidikan, dan keinginan diri sendiri merupakan alasan-alasan utama mengapa mereka bisa dijadikan sebagai korban perdagangan manusia. Proses awal, penempatan, sampai kepulangan mereka tidak pernah lepas dari ragam penderitaan; mulai dari pelecehan seksual, pemerkosaan, kekerasan seksual, gaji tidak dibayar, diperlakukan dengan kasar, dan jam kerja yang lebih panjang. Sebuah biografi panjang yang sangat memilukan. Dengan penelitian ini diharapkan para pihak yang memiliki kepedulian terhadap human trafficking bisa bertindak dan mencegahnya, sehingga tidak muncul lagi para perempuan yang tertipu.

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