AbstrakTulisan ini berusaha untuk menelusuri kembali seperti apa sejarah penurunan Alquranuntuk mengetahui bagaimana pesan-pesan Alquran tersebut mampu membangun tatanan sosial baru berdasarkan petunjuk Alquran. Tulisan ini dilandaskan pada kenyataan bahwa Alquran diturunkan secara berangsur-angsur selama ±23 tahun kepada masyarakat Arab pada waktu itu, mengomentari keadaan dan peristiwa-peristiwa yang mereka alami bahkan menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan dan permasalahan yang mereka hadapi. Banyak di antara pesan-pesan Alquran bersifat bantahan yang nyata atas norma-norma sosial yang diberlakukan masyarakat Jahiliyyah. Isi Alquran bukan hanya mereformasi tatanan masyarakat yang ada tetapi bahkan merevolusi konsep-konsep yang sudah baku dan menggantinya dengan konsep baru yang mencerahkan dan membebaskan. Tulisan ini diharapkan dapat mengembalikan kita pada pemahaman menyeluruh tentang makna dasar Islam datang dan mampu secara lebih bijak memahami kondisi masyarakat modern dengan berkaca pada tujuan penurunan Alquran bagi kehidupan umat Islam.
Muslim feminist hermeneutical methods to the Qur'an attempts to challenge conservative interpretations that tend to sustain hegemonic knowledge construction and the patriarchal reading of the texts. Implementation of this approach shows that the Qur'an is compatible with modernity and supports gender equality. They offer a new paradigm in reading the Qur'an from a gender-sensitive perspective and accommodate a woman's point of view. This article investigates analytical study of Asma Barlas' anti-patriarchal reading of the Qur'an. This article shows that Barlas challenges the patriarchal reading of the Qur'an and exposes the egalitarian voices of the Qur'anic text. She argues that the Qur'an is an egalitarian text that established the principle of the equality of the sexes.
Asbāb al-nuzūl are socio-historical events surrounding the revelation of the Qur’an and they are important aspects to understand the meaning of the Qur’an. Unfortunately, in many tafsir that written either in classical or modern exegesis many exegetes seem to ignore the important messages of these socio-historical aspects of the Qur’an. Many exegetes only focus on the texts and produce the textual-doctrinal understanding of the Qur’an that detached from its context. This article based on the claim of universality of the messages of the Qur’an to all human beings across time and space. This article employs interpretative-analysis method to analyze the use of Asbāb al-nuzūl in kitab tafsir – classic and modern - and to seek a new understanding in both: the theory a well as the use of Asbāb al-nuzūl for Qur’anic interpretation. This article shows that the study of Asbāb al-nuzūl should be concerned not only with the specific events of the revelations but also with the spirit of the time when the events occurred in order to understand the basic meaning intended by the texts revealed in various occasions. Therefore, the meaning of the Qur'an should be derived not only from the general meaning of the texts but also from the contexts of the revelations (al-ibrat bi umum al-lafzh ma’a mura’at khusus al-sabab). Interpreting the Qur’an by paying attention to socio-historical approach will lead us to a more dynamic and dialogical interpretation with the cultural contexts without ignoring the ethical principles of the Qur’an.
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