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The paper analyzes options of using smart meters for power flow calculation and for assessing the state of a real three-phase four-wire secondary distribution network based on measurements of average values of active and reactive power and of voltages. The work is based on the authors’ research on allocation of measurements to ensure secondary distribution network observability and on selection of the most efficient method for linear and non-linear state estimation. The paper illustrates solution of a problem on identification composition of load nodes in the phases and reveals challenges related to voltage account in the neutral wire and in its grounding.

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Complex power systems need more observability in critical situations. Synchron phasor measurement is a new technology that improves power supply reliability and quality. PMU measure various system parameters extremely precisely and rapidly. Every PMU measurement receives a GPS synchronized time stamp, thus making it possible to perform precise comparative analyses and obtain an overview of the complete system. Since system operators have to work economically and these units and their installation incur costs, they need an algorithm for their optimal placement. This paper presents a concept based on a decoupled Newton-Raphson power flow analysis and a sensitivity analysis, which helps place PMU optimally. The theory behind the algorithm is elucidated and results of a system test are presented