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Preoperative MRCP using a respiratory navigator-triggered T2-weighted TSE sequence with a PACE technique accurately depicts the biliary anatomy in LDLT donors and may guide intraoperative management of the biliary tract.

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Study Design: Descriptive study. Objective: Assessing the applicability of blended learning to specific domains of spine surgery. Methods: After the needs assessment, a blended pediatric spine deformity course program was designed. A total of 33 participants, including orthopedic and neurosurgeons, registered for the course and all of them completed an online entrance quiz. Thus, they were eligible to have online part of course, which included the theoretical part of the course and also a discussion forum where the discussions about the topics facilitated by faculty. Thirteen of 33 subjects participated second part of the blended pediatric spine deformity course. This face-to-face (F2F) part consisted of case discussions for each topic and discussions facilitated by faculty members. The same quiz was also taken before and after the F2F part. All quiz results were compared statistically. Results: There were 11 lectures within the online part and 6 case discussions in the F2F part. The quiz scores were improved significantly by having a complete blended pediatric deformity course ( P < .05). Conclusions: The current study has demonstrated that blended learning format, including online and F2F, is feasible and effective in training for a domain of spine surgery, pediatric deformity in this specific context.

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The treatment of tuberculosis (TB) requires long-term multiple drug use. Hyperuricemia is frequently reported in adults, but there are few data for the pediatric population. This study aimed to review drug-related side effects in pediatric patients that received treatment for TB. Patients with active TB undergoing treatment were followed for drug-related side effects. During the 7 year period, 23 patients with a mean age of 7.9 ± 4.66 years were treated. Drug-related side effects were observed in 14 patients. Hyperuricemia occurred in 12 of the 14 patients, vs. hepatotoxicity in 2. In all, eight of the patients with hyperuricemia had ≥2 episodes during pyrazinamide (PZA) therapy. Based on these findings, we devised an algorithm that could be used for the management of hyperuricemia in patients receiving PZA because of TB, and recommend that hyperuricemia be closely monitored during PZA therapy.

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