This paper intends to explore the possibility that phenomenology can be used as one of the foundations of scientific epistemology of Islamic education management. Scientific management of Islamic education would not be sufficient if only positivistic approached scientifically. Behaviors that contain messages of moral, theological and ideological embraced by managers, implementers and users of Islamic educational institutions are very complicated. To be able to describe these phenomena with a reasonable and until the deeply meaning (eidos), so phenomenological approach is needed. This approach can be used as a basis in developing others the science of Islamic education management. The science of Islamic education management can have a number of scientific fields (The science of diniyyah, madrassas, Islamic schools, and Islamic higher education management) and gave birth to a number of expertise (administrative staff, headmaster and superintendent at the madrasah level).
Biofertilizers currently sold in the market are not labeled with a distinct quality standard. As such, farmers may buy low quality biofertilizers, which can reduce their profit and trust on the benefit of biofertilizers. This paper presents the characteristics of various products of commercial biofertilizers as well as farmers’ knowledge and experience on the products. The study was carried out in 2004-2006 by collecting and analyzing data on registered commercial biofertilizers, checking their availability at the market (39 agricultural shops), and interviewing farmers on their knowledge and experience on the use of biofertilizers on various farming systems in Bandung District, West Java (86 respondents) and Semarang District, Central Java (77 respondents). The quality of biofertilizers was tested in the laboratory based on microbial density and its functional (phenotypic) traits. The study showed that amongst various brands of biofertilizers commercialized, 41 brands of them have been officially registered as commercial products. Two brands of other biofertilizers found in agricultural shops were registered as organic or inorganic fertilizers. In general, each biofertilizer contained two or more microbial strains and was claimed to have multiple functions. However, most of them (>90%) were not labeled with expiry date information. Macronutrient contents (NPK) of some microbial carriers were almost equal to those of organic fertilizers. Around 38% of respondents in Bandung knew biofertilizers and less than 10% have ever used them. In Semarang, however, familiarity and personal experience of the respondents were much lower, i.e. 10% and 3%, respectively. About 67% and 50% of agricultural shops in Bandung and Semarang sold biofertilizers, respectively. Laboratory analyses showed that microbial density of five biofertilizers tested was lower than that of product specification, although most of them were positive for N-fixing and P-solubilizing traits. Some microbial strains contained less than 103 cfu based on the dilution level testing. These figures imply the urgent need to improve the existing quality standard system of biofertilizers including its control mechanisms.
This article aims to explain hate speech in Indonesia and its solution. The theory used in this article is Critical Race Theory which is initiated by Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic. This Critical Race Theory is also sustained by an Islamic perspective so as to be found the causes of hate speech and solutions that must be done. This paper concludes that: First, hate speech in Indonesia is verbally and non-verbally done which is delivered both directly and indirectly (social media). Second, hate speech in Indonesia causes social inequality, non-respectful attitudes, and national decline. Third, hate speech does not reflect the character of the Indonesian people who uphold ethics and the values of nationalism. Fourth, hate speech triggers violence and intolerance of religions, ethnicities, races, and groups. Hate speech must be jointly solved by government, religious leaders and society.
This study aims to determine the results of monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of curriculum integration carried out by an Islamic educational institution in Islamic boarding schools. The research was conducted at the Baitul Fikri Arcamanik Modern Islamic Boarding School in Bandung. The study uses a qualitative approach with the CIPO evaluation technique developed through observation and data collection with documentary data and structured interviews with rating-scale techniques. The results showed that the percentage value of the application of the concept of integration was in line with the results obtained with students' summative evaluation value data. The data on the application of the lowest integration concept is in Mathematics with a percentage of 55%, and the average summative value of students is 73, while the highest data on the application of the concept of integration is in PJOK subjects with a percentage of 77% and the average summative score of 81 students.
In the national development context, the role of a village cannot be left remain. Especially, recently with the increasingly blurred boundaries between villages and cities both in physical infrastructure and social demography. Furthermore, villages need to have competency in which appropriate with the national development context for maximizing the potencies that the villages had, using the renewal of Village Information System (SistemInformasiDesa-SID). The development of a top-down model slowly has changed with a bottom-up perspective for sustainable development. This is happening because sustainable development leads to community's participation rather than the elite's stakeholders in the village. Through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method, the village government of Pandanarum, Blitar Regency, tries to improve and update their profile through SID to reach good governance in village government. The village government of Pandanarum cooperates with Sociology Department, Universitas Negeri Malang tries to maximizing their profile for analyzing the condition of their society by using social mapping. Finally, this empowerment, which using the PRA model, hopefully, could reproduce the valid and the newest data for improving the potencies that owned by Pandanarum Village. As a result, there was connectivity and good cooperation between the local government, the researcher, and also the people of Pandanarum to complete their profile for better development.
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