Diabetes Melitus adalah penyakit yang ditandai dengan hiperglikemia karena sekresi insulin yang sedikit, aksi insulin kurang poten, atau disebabkan keduanya. Daun dandang gendis (Clinacanthus nutans)diketahui mengandung antioksidan yang dilaporkan mampu menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun dandang gendis terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada tikus Wistar model diabetes. Tikus sebanyak 30 ekoryang sesuai kriteria dibagi dalam 5 kelompok yang kemudian diinduksi hiperglikemia menggunakan streptozotocin 50 mg/kgBB. Setelah 2 hari pasca induksi, tikus diberi ekstrak daun dandang gendis sesuai dosis yaitu K1 (75 mg/kgBB), K2 (150 mg/kgBB), dan K3 (300 mg/kgBB) lalu dibandingkan dengan K0 (CMC-Na sebagai kontrol) dan K4 (metformin sebagai obat standar) selama 14 hari. Penurunan kadar glukosa darah yang paling signifikan terjadi pada kelompok K1 dengan pemberian ekstrak dandang gendis 75 mg/kgBB dibandingkan dengan kelompok K0, K2, K3, dan K4.

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Stunting merupakan suatu istilah yang menggambarkan kondisi pertumbuhan tinggi badan kurang berdasarkan umur disesuaikan dengan Z-Score (<-2SD). Stunting pada balita dapat diakibatkan oleh kurangnya asupan zat gizi yang diperlukan bagi pertumbuhan anak. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan suplementasi vitamin A, pemberian imunisasi dan riwayat penyakit infeksi yakni diare dan ISPA terhadap kejadian stunting.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan suplementasi vitamin A, pemberian imunisasi, dan penyakit infeksi terhadap stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode cross sectional. Besar sampel adalah 107 anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. terdiri dari 25 anak kelompok stunting dan 82 anak kelompok non- stunting. Cara pengambilan data melalui data sekunder posyandu dan wawancara langsung orang tua anak dengan pengisian kuisioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square, Fisher Exact, dan Mann Whitney.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil terdapat hubungan suplementasi vitamin A dengan stunting (p=0,000), tidak ada hubungan antara pemberian imunisasi terhadap stunting (p=0,332). Dalam riwayat penyakit infeksi, frekuensi diare dan ISPA ditemukan tidak ada hubungan dengan  stunting (p=0,053 dan p=0,082), begitu pula pada lama diare dan lama ISPA tidak berhubungan dengan stunting (p= 0,614 dan p=0,918).Kesimpulan: Suplementasi vitamin A berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting yang diamati pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. Kata kunci: kejadian stunting, vitamin A, imunisasi, penyakit infeksi, anak usia 24-59 bulanABSTRACTBackground: Stunting is a term that describes condition of lower height-for-age Z-Score (<-2SD). Stunting among children can be caused by a lack of nutrients needed for children's growth. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between vitamin A supplementation, immunization and a history of infectious diseases, namely diarrhea and ARI to the incidence of stunting.Objectives: To determine the relationship between vitamin A supplementation, immunization, and history of infectious disease with the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional method. The sample size was 107 children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. This study consisted of 25 children in the stunting group and 82 children in the non-stunting group. The method of data collection was through secondary data from posyandu and direct interviews with parents by filling out questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, fisher exact, and Mann Whitney.Results: The results of this study indicated that there was a relationship between vitamin A supplementation and with stunting (p = 0.000). There was no relationship between immunization and stunting (p = 0.332). In the history of infectious diseases, the frequency of diarrhea and ARI was found to have no relationship with stunting (p = 0.053 and p = 0.082), as well as the duration of diarrhea and duration of ARI there was no association with the stunting (p = 0.614 and p = 0.918).Conclusion: Vitamin A supplementation has significant relationship with stunting in children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.

Introduction: Traditional and herbal medicine are two of the primary treatments in a developing country. Both avocado leaf extract and avocado seed extract (Persea americana) have been proven to have an antihyperlipidemic effect in experimental animals. This study was conducted to analyze the effect of avocado leaf and seed extract in a combination form on total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL of hypercholesterolemia mice induced by high fat diet and duck egg yolk.Methods: The sample unit of this study consisted of 25 mice (Mus musculus) and divided into 5 groups: KO1 (control), KO2 (hypercholesterolemia group), KO3 (1st treatment group), KO4 (2nd treatment group), and KO5 (3rd treatment group). The induction phase was done for 35 days, whilst the treatment phase was done for 28 days. All data were analyzed using t test and one-way ANOVA.Results: Administration of the combination including avocado leaf and seed extract (CALSE) in all treatment group proved to decrease total cholesterol and LDL level in mice although it was not statistically significant (p=0,420; p=0,882). Meanwhile, CALSE had a different effect on HDL KO3 level with HDL KO4 and KO5 level, in which HDL KO3 level tended to decrease and HDL KO4 and KO5 level tended to increase.Conclusion: In conclusion, CALSE has the potential to act as an antihyperlipidemic agent which derive from flavonoid and saponin. The potential efficacy might be achieved in a combination rather than in an individual form.

SummaryThis study reports the molecular characterization of ovalocytosis in Lombok Island, Indonesia. The analysis of genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction shows that all 2I ovalocytotic individuals have two amplified products of different size from a region encompassing exon 11 of the band 3 gene. The sequence of the larger product matched perfectly with that of normal individuals. In the sequence of the smaller product, 27 nucleotides within exon 11 were deleted. The heterozygous presence of the deletion identified in other parts of Southeast Asia was confirmed in patients with ovalocytosis in an isolated island of eastern Indonesia.