The Relationship of Vitamin a Supplementation, Giving Immunization, and History of Infection Disease With the Stunting of Children Aged 24-59 Months in Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya

Abstract

ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Stunting merupakan suatu istilah yang menggambarkan kondisi pertumbuhan tinggi badan kurang berdasarkan umur disesuaikan dengan Z-Score (<-2SD). Stunting pada balita dapat diakibatkan oleh kurangnya asupan zat gizi yang diperlukan bagi pertumbuhan anak. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan suplementasi vitamin A, pemberian imunisasi dan riwayat penyakit infeksi yakni diare dan ISPA terhadap kejadian stunting.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan suplementasi vitamin A, pemberian imunisasi, dan penyakit infeksi terhadap stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode cross sectional. Besar sampel adalah 107 anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. terdiri dari 25 anak kelompok stunting dan 82 anak kelompok non- stunting. Cara pengambilan data melalui data sekunder posyandu dan wawancara langsung orang tua anak dengan pengisian kuisioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square, Fisher Exact, dan Mann Whitney.Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil terdapat hubungan suplementasi vitamin A dengan stunting (p=0,000), tidak ada hubungan antara pemberian imunisasi terhadap stunting (p=0,332). Dalam riwayat penyakit infeksi, frekuensi diare dan ISPA ditemukan tidak ada hubungan dengan stunting (p=0,053 dan p=0,082), begitu pula pada lama diare dan lama ISPA tidak berhubungan dengan stunting (p= 0,614 dan p=0,918).Kesimpulan: Suplementasi vitamin A berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting yang diamati pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. Kata kunci: kejadian stunting, vitamin A, imunisasi, penyakit infeksi, anak usia 24-59 bulanABSTRACTBackground: Stunting is a term that describes condition of lower height-for-age Z-Score (<-2SD). Stunting among children can be caused by a lack of nutrients needed for children's growth. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between vitamin A supplementation, immunization and a history of infectious diseases, namely diarrhea and ARI to the incidence of stunting.Objectives: To determine the relationship between vitamin A supplementation, immunization, and history of infectious disease with the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional method. The sample size was 107 children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya. This study consisted of 25 children in the stunting group and 82 children in the non-stunting group. The method of data collection was through secondary data from posyandu and direct interviews with parents by filling out questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, fisher exact, and Mann Whitney.Results: The results of this study indicated that there was a relationship between vitamin A supplementation and with stunting (p = 0.000). There was no relationship between immunization and stunting (p = 0.332). In the history of infectious diseases, the frequency of diarrhea and ARI was found to have no relationship with stunting (p = 0.053 and p = 0.082), as well as the duration of diarrhea and duration of ARI there was no association with the stunting (p = 0.614 and p = 0.918).Conclusion: Vitamin A supplementation has significant relationship with stunting in children aged 24-59 months at Puskesmas Mulyorejo, Surabaya.

Factors Associated with Decreasing Incidence of Stunting in the Working Area of the Palu Health Center

“…The analysis using the chi square test showed p = 0.906, which means there is no significant relationship between basic immunization and a decrease in the incidence of stunting. The results of this study are directly proportional to the results of the study (9), which shows no significant relationship between basic immunization and the incidence of stunting (9). Study Azriful (2018) also showed the same result; there was no significant relationship between basic immunization and stunting (10).…”

“…Basic immunization is a way to create active immunity in an individual's body against infectious diseases. Immunization aims to reduce morbidity, disability, and death in diseases that immunization can prevent (9). The analysis using the chi square test showed p = 0.906, which means there is no significant relationship between basic immunization and a decrease in the incidence of stunting.…”

“…Basic immunization cannot guarantee that an individual will avoid disease completely. Moreover, its effectiveness depends heavily on the vaccine quality (9).…”

Feeding to Toddlers and Consumption of Microelements When Mothers are Postpartum with Nutritional Status of Toddlers

“…Stunting masalah kurang gizi kronis yang disebabkan oleh asupan gizi yang kurang dalam waktu cukup lama akibat pemberian makanan yang tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan gizi. Stunting terjadi mulai janin masih dalam kandungan dan baru nampak saat balita berusia dua tahun (2). Faktor kesehatan ibu selama masa kenifasan, Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR), penyakit infeksi, usia nifas, jumlah balita, jarak kelahiran, merupakan faktorfaktor yang berhubungan terhadap resiko balita balita mengalami stunting (3).…”

“…Namun jika terjadi defisiensi vitamin A merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan serius, khususnya di negara berkembang. Kondisi ini menyebabkan tingginya risiko infeksi gastrointerstinal, yang akan mengganggu penyerapan zat nutrisi pada saluran cerna, terjadi infeksi paru, dan rendahnya respon terhadap vaksinasi, sehingga meningkatkan angka mortalitas pada balitabalita (2). Pemberian mikronutrien untuk balita-balita berupa vitamin A, zat besi dan zic pada masa neonatal sampai akhir masa balita sebagai upaya mencegah stunting (18).…”