In the past few years, the energy consumption of the land transportation sector has increased considerably. One of the breakthroughs by the Government through Presidential Regulation No. 22/2017 concerning General Plan for National Energy (RUEN) is the use of electricity-based vehicles to reduce fuel consumption and achieve energy security. Successful policy making for emerging industries depends on two main factors: the adoption of scientific perspectives and accuracy to predict impacts. Therefore, this review aims to conduct a study of policy simulation methodologies related to the use of electric vehicles in Indonesia. Also, identification of the gaps and limitations of previous research is carried out and recommending an agenda for further research.
The Indonesian transportation sector is currently the nation’s largest consumer of petroleum products and a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions overall. Many policies have been implemented by central and local governments, from the introduction of alternative fuels until demand management like odd-even policy; results, however, are in most cases disappointing. This paper explained a system dynamics model for the road transportation sector in Indonesia. The model considers basic policy options under Activity, Structure, Intensity, and Fuel (ASIF) framework and includes two main objectives, i.e., reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emission. Policy scenarios were developed to cover business as usual (REF), transport demand management (TDM), the introduction of fuel economy (FE) standard and feebate system (FEE), adoption of electric vehicles (EV) which considers future technological improvement factors and fuel switching strategy. The result indicates that it is mandatory to have a policy mix as the most effective strategy to reduce energy consumption, CO2 emission and achieve national energy mix target in 2050.
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