No abstract

Department of Food and Life Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Chunchun-dong 300, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Korea A Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, moderately halophilic rod (strain SM-1 T ) was isolated from salt marsh around the junction of the Youngsan River and the Yellow Sea in Korea and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. This organism grew optimally at 37˚C and was able to grow at 10 and 45˚C. It grew optimally in the presence of 2-3 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids in strain SM-1 T were iso-C 15 : 0 and C 16 : 0 . Strain SM-1 T and Microbulbifer hydrolyticus DSM 11525 T were characterized by having ubiquinone-8 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone. The DNA G+C content of strain SM-1 T was 59 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that strain SM-1 T formed a coherent cluster with M. hydrolyticus; this relationship was supported by a bootstrap resampling value of 100 %. The level of 16S rDNA identity between strain SM-1 T and the type strain of M. hydrolyticus was 98?6 %. The mean level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain SM-1 T and the type strain of M. hydrolyticus was 20?6 %. Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic properties, phylogeny and genomic data, strain SM-1 T should be placed in the genus Microbulbifer as a member of a novel species, for which the name Microbulbifer salipaludis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the novel species is strain SM-1 T (5KCCM 41586 T 5JCM 11542 T ).

Two Gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming and slightly halophilic rods (strains SW-145T and SW-156T) were isolated from sea water of the Yellow Sea in Korea. Strains SW-145T and SW-156T grew optimally at 37 and 30–37 °C, respectively, and in the presence of 2–6 % (w/v) NaCl. Strains SW-145T and SW-156T were chemotaxonomically characterized as having ubiquinone-9 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone and C16 : 0, C18 : 1 ω9c, C16 : 1 ω9c and C12 : 0 3-OH as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C contents of strains SW-145T and SW-156T were 58 and 57 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains SW-145T and SW-156T fell within the evolutionary radiation enclosed by the genus Marinobacter. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains SW-145T and SW-156T were 94·8 % similar. Strains SW-145T and SW-156T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of 94·3–98·1 and 95·4–97·7 %, respectively, with respect to the type strains of all Marinobacter species. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness, together with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values, indicated that strains SW-145T and SW-156T are members of two species that are distinct from seven Marinobacter species with validly published names. On the basis of phenotypic properties and phylogenetic and genotypic distinctiveness, strains SW-145T (=KCTC 12185T=DSM 16070T) and SW-156T (=KCTC 12184T=DSM 16072T) should be placed in the genus Marinobacter as the type strains of two distinct novel species, for which the names Marinobacter flavimaris sp. nov. and Marinobacter daepoensis sp. nov. are proposed.

Two Gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, yellow-pigmented and slightly halophilic strains (SW-46 T and SW-52) were isolated from sea water of the East Sea, Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strains SW-46 T and SW-52 were characterized chemotaxonomically by having ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone and C 18 : 1 v7c as the major fatty acid. Their DNA G+C content was 64?0-64?1 mol%. Strains SW-46 T and SW-52 showed 1 bp difference in their 16S rDNA sequences and a mean DNA-DNA relatedness level of 94?4 %. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that strains SW-46 T and SW-52 fall within the a-subclass of the Proteobacteria and form a coherent cluster with Erythrobacter longus, Erythrobacter litoralis and Erythrobacter citreus. Levels of 16S rDNA similarity between strains SW-46 T and SW-52 and the type strains of these three Erythrobacter species were 96?5-97?9 %. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains SW-46 T and SW-52 and the type strains of E. longus, E. litoralis and E. citreus were 3?6-14?7 %. Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic properties, phylogeny and genomic data, strains SW-46 T and SW-52 should be placed in the genus Erythrobacter as a novel species, for which the name Erythrobacter flavus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SW-46 T (=KCCM 41642 T =JCM 11808 T ).

Two Gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped organisms, strains SW-117T and SW-120T, were isolated from sea water of the Yellow Sea in Korea and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strains SW-117T and SW-120T simultaneously contained both menaquinones (MK) and ubiquinones (Q) as isoprenoid quinones; the predominant menaquinone was MK-7 and the predominant ubiquinones were Q-7 and Q-8. The major fatty acid detected in the two strains was iso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strains SW-117T and SW-120T was 51 and 54 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strains SW-117T and SW-120T fall within the radiation of the cluster comprising Shewanella species. Strains SW-117T and SW-120T showed a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97·4 % and a DNA–DNA relatedness level of 10·1 %. Strains SW-117T and SW-120T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity levels of 93·8–98·5 % and 92·4–97·0 %, respectively, to Shewanella species. Strain SW-117T exhibited DNA–DNA relatedness levels of 8·3–20·3 % to the type strains of six phylogenetically related Shewanella species. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic and genetic data, strains SW-117T and SW-120T were classified in the genus Shewanella as two distinct novel species, for which the names Shewanella marisflavi sp. nov. (type strain, SW-117T=KCCM 41822T=JCM 12192T) and Shewanella aquimarina sp. nov. (type strain, SW-120T=KCCM 41821T=JCM 12193T) are proposed, respectively.

Two Gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic rods (strains SW-47 T and SW-49) were isolated from sea water of the East Sea in Korea and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The two strains grew optimally between 30 and 37 6C, and grew at 4 and 44 6C but not at temperatures above 45 6C. They grew optimally in the presence of 2-5 % (w/v) NaCl, but did not grow in the absence of NaCl. Strains SW-47 T and SW-49 had ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone and C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2OH, C 16 : 0 and C 18 : 1 v7c as the major fatty acids, which are consistent with the corresponding data for Alteromonas macleodii. The DNA G+C contents of strains SW-47 T and SW-49 were 45 and 44 mol%, respectively. Strains SW-47 T and SW-49 showed a high level of 16S rDNA sequence similarity (99?9 %) and a mean level of DNA-DNA relatedness of 96?5 %. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that the two strains form a coherent cluster with A. macleodii. Strains SW-47 T and SW-49 exhibited levels of 16S rDNA sequence similarity of 99?3 and 99?1 %, respectively, with A. macleodii DSM 6062 T and of less than 89?4 % with other species used in the phylogenetic analyses. Alteromonas fuliginea CIP 105339 T was found to be more closely related to the genus Pseudoalteromonas than to the genus Alteromonas. On the basis of phenotypic properties and phylogenetic and genomic data, strains SW-47 T and SW-49 represent a new species of the genus Alteromonas, for which the name Alteromonas marina (type strain SW-47 T =KCCM 41638 T =JCM 11804 T ) is proposed.

Two Gram-positive or -variable, endospore-forming, slightly halophilic strains (SW-72T and SW-93) were isolated from sea water of the East Sea and the Yellow Sea in Korea, respectively, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic study. Both strains had cell-wall peptidoglycan that was based on meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The two strains contained large amounts of saturated and branched fatty acids, with anteiso-C15 : 0 as the major fatty acid. The DNA G+C contents of strains SW-72T and SW-93 were 40·9 and 41·0 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences showed that strains SW-72T and SW-93 fall within the radiation of the cluster that comprises members of the genus Bacillus, particularly Bacillus rRNA group 6. There were five nucleotide differences between the 16S rDNA sequences of strains SW-72T and SW-93. The mean level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strains SW-72T and SW-93 was 21·5 %. Strains SW-72T and SW-93 showed 93·1–95·2 % 16S rDNA sequence similarity to the type strains of Bacillus species that are assigned to rRNA group 6. Strains SW-72T and SW-93 could not be differentiated clearly by using their phenotypic properties. On the basis of phenotypic properties, phylogeny and genomic data, it is proposed that strain SW-72T (=KCCM 41641T=JCM 11807T) should be placed in the genus Bacillus as the type strain of a novel species, Bacillus hwajinpoensis sp. nov., and that strain SW-93 (=KCCM 41640=JCM 11806) should be placed in the genus Bacillus as an unnamed Bacillus genomospecies.

Three Gram-positive, rod-or coccoid-shaped bacterial strains, KSL-2 T , KSL-5 and KSL-6, were isolated from an alkaline soil in Korea and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomical analysis. These isolates grew optimally at pH 9?0 and 30 6C. They were characterized chemotaxonomically as having cell wall peptidoglycan based on LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, MK-8(H 4 ) as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C 16 : 0 as the major fatty acid.