Introduction: Pancytopenia is said to exist in an adult when the hemoglobin level is less than 13.5gm/dl in males and 1 l.5gm/dlin females, white cell count less than 4xl09IL and platelet count less than 150x109/L1. The causes of pancytopenia are aplastic anemia, subleukemicleukemia, myelodysplasia2 multiple myeloma, nutritional deficiencies leading to megaloblastic anemia, hypersplenism, paroxysmalnocturnal hemoglobinuria, AIDS, infections such as miliary tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, brucellosis etc. Objectives: To determine the frequencyof various causes of pancytopenia in gender at Chandka Medical College, Larkana. Study design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: OPD &Medical Ward-ll, Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana. Duration with dates: 01 years study from February 2007 to February 2008.Subject and methods: Patients of either sex, who attended medical ward-ll of Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana, either as inpatientor out patient department, from February 2007 to February 2008 and fulfilled the inclusion criteria, were included in this study. Pancytopeniawas considered as hemoglobin value less than 13.5gm/dl in males or 11.5gm/dl in females, a white cell count less than 4x109/L and Plateletscount less than 150x109/L. Patients of less than 12 years and pregnant females were excluded from the study. Result: Out of 40 patients, 29(72.5%) were males and 11 (27.5%) were females. Female to male ratio was 1:2.6. The mean ages of males were 29.10 ± 16.46 years whereasof females 36.14 ± 15.6 years (P = 0.22). Aplastic anemia was the most common pathology encountered and was diagnosed in 13 cases(31.5%), followed by hypersplenism 09 (22.9%), Megaloblastic anemia 06 (15%) and hodgkin's lymphoma in 04 (10%) cases. Other lesscommon causes detected were multiple myeloma 02 (5%), drug induced 02 (5%) and malaria, milliary tuberculosis, myelodysplastic syndrome,hemophagocytic syndrome was 01 (2.5%) case in each. Conclusion: We concluded that aplastic anemia was the most common cause in ourpatients and more than 2/3rd patients were young males. We think the causes of aplastic anemia in this study may be misuse of drugs, kushtas,exposure to chemicals and viral infections.
Background: In chronic hepatitis diseases the liver impairment results in imbalance in glucose homeostasis and metabolism resulting in type 2 diabetes Aim: To estimate the frequency of type 2 diabetes in chronic hepatitis B and C patients. Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana 1st October 2020 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: One hundred patients of hepatitis were recruited. Fifty patients of hepatitis B and 50 patients of hepatitis C age 20-65 years were enrolled. Their fasting blood sugar and HbA1C levels were analyzed and correlated with their clinical symptoms. Results: 20% hepatitis B and 26% hepatitis patients had asymptomatic type 2 diabetes. There were more men affected from hepatitis than women and type 2 diabetic respectively. Conclusion: Asymptomatic type 2 diabetics need suffering from hepatitis B and hepatitis C need to be screened for better treatment plan. Keyword: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Type 2 diabetes
Aim: To determine knowledge of hypoglycaemic symptoms & their self-management among pts with type II diabetes mellitus. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional. Place and duration of study: OPD Clinic of Department of Medicine, Chandka Medical College Hospital Larkana from 23rd May 2019 to 22nd November 2019. Methodology: One hundred and thirty five patients with type II diabetes mellitus of age 35- 60 years were selected. Patients with type I DM and neuro-psychiatric illness were excluded. The symptoms of hypoglycemia and their responses to those symptoms were recorded. Results: The mean age of 47.07±6.04years and majority of the patients 83 (61.48%) were between 46-60 years of age. Seventy two (53.33%) were male and 63 (46.67%) were females. Mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 6.90±3.86 years. Adequate knowledge of hypoglycemic symptoms and their self-management among patients with type II diabetes mellitus was found in 62 (56.9%) patients. Conclusion: Hypoglycemic patients are significantly unaware of their condition and have a very low knowledge about hypoglycemia and its self-management. Keywords: Type II diabetes, Hypoglycemic symptoms, Knowledge
Background: Liver has a special and unique system of glucose metabolism which keeps its levels under normal ranges. In chronic liver hepatitis and cirrhosis this mechanism is altered. Aim: To evaluate undiagnosed diabetics through HbA1C and 2 hours post prandial blood sugar levels in confirmed hepatitis B and C cirrhotic adult patients. Study design: Descriptive cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Gastroenterology, Chandka Medical College, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana from 1st July 2020 to 30th June 2021. Methodology: One hundred and twenty four patients >50 years with liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B and C were enrolled. All clinical, demographic data of patients as well as their blood analysis was performed for testing HbA1C and two hour post prandial blood sugar (as well as liver function test). Results: The mean age was 57.9±5.9 years and majority of patients were males in both hepatitis cases. There were 39.5% of liver cirrhosis patients having undiagnosed diabetes which was confirmed by 2 hours post prandial blood sugar and HbA1c. Within this value 54.8% had hepatitis C and 24.2% had hepatitis B. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of elevated HbA1c, post prandial blood sugar and consequently diabetic population (undiagnosed) among hepatitis B and C liver cirrhotic adult patients. Keywords: Post-prandial blood sugar, Cirrhotic adult patients, HBsAg, Anti-HCV, Diabetics
Hepatotoxicity is historically the 3rd most common reason for drug withdrawal and toxicity-related discontinuation of treatment. This study was aimed at determining the incidence and the onset of hepatotoxicity and at evaluating the relationship of some risk factors for hepatotoxicity among Human Immunodeficiency Virus- (HIV-) positive, tuberculosis (TB), and HIV/TB patients on treatment. This was a prospective follow-up study involving 125 participants from the HIV/AIDS and TB treatment centres in Tertiary Care hospital of Larkana and Sukkur, Sindh. These TB and HIV patients were initiated on RHEZ (R = Rifampicin, H = Isoniazid, E = Ethambutol, and P = Pyrazinamide) and TELE (efavirenz/tenofovir/lamivudine), respectively, and followed up for 12 weeks between September 2018 and November 2019. The levels of liver enzymes (transaminases, gamma- glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and unconjugated/total bilirubin) were measured spectrophotometrically using serum. The Chi-squared (χ2) test was used to assess the association between risk factors and hepatotoxicity, while the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with the log-rank test was used to determine the occurrence of hepatotoxicity in the different groups. We followed the general study population for a total person time of 6580 person-days, with an incidence rate and cumulative incidence of 8 cases per 1000 person-days (53/6580 person-days) and 42.4% (53/125), respectively (95% confidence interval), recorded after 12 weeks of follow-up of all the participants. The onset of hepatotoxicity in the total study population was statistically significant (χ2 = 9:5334; p = 0:022979; CI = 95%), with the majority observed at week eight of follow-up. Also, the incidence rate and cumulative incidence of hepatotoxicity with respect to HIV/AIDS, TB, and HIV/TB patients, respectively, at 95% confidence interval were: 8 cases per 1000 person-days (32/3843 person-days) and 32/76 (42.1%), 6 cases per 1000 person- days (12/1932 person-days) and 12/32 (37.5%), and 11 cases per 1000 person-days (9/805 person-days) and 9/17 (52.9%). This study shows that the incidence rate and cumulative incidence of hepatotoxicity in HIV/AIDS, TB, and HIV/TB patients on treatment were high . Also, it is very important to check these patients’ liver function especially within the first 12 weeks of treatment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.