The present study was carried out to clarify the effect of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) on cattle of different ages with references to studying the hematological parameters, biochemical aspects and cardiac biomarkers after accurate diagnosis of FMDV by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Forty-five native breed Egyptian female non pregnant cattle (1-5 years old) were divided into two main groups. Group (1): 15 apparently healthy cattle as control group. This group includes animals at age 1-1.5 year (gp.1a), 2-3 years (gp.1b) and 4-5 years (gp.1c). Group (2): 30 infected cattle with the same age category as the control group (gp. 2a, gp. 2b and gp.2c) were collected from different localities in port-Said Governorate, Egypt during 2016-2017 FMD outbreak. Saliva and vesicular fluid from infected cattle were obtained for RT-PCR and blood samples for hematological and biochemical parameters estimation. The infected cattle showed fever, ropy salivation, vesicular eruptions on buccal mucosa and interdigital space. All the identified viruses were FMDV of serotype 'O' which is circulating among cows of different ages in Egypt. Biochemical results revealed a significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumin, globulins and calcium levels, with a significant increase in serum enzyme activities ALP, GGT, AST and serum levels of urea, creatinine, inorganic phosphrous, malonadiadehyde, nitric oxide, Interleukein10 (IL-10), cardiac tropinine I (cTn I) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) concentration. It was concluded that FMDV significantly affects the hematological and biochemical parameters of infected cattle, especially young one. The detection of cTnI is a very sensitive method for determining myocardial cell damage in the earlier stages of the disease. Moreover, RT-PCR is diagnostic biomarkers for FMD viral infection.

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To evaluate the effects of different light colour temperatures on egg production parameters and heat shock protein gene expression (HSP 27) in Fayoumi chicken layers. Animals: 165 Fayoumi healthy pullets (17 weeks). Design: Randomized-controlled experimental study. Procedures: The birds were exposed to natural day light with photoperiod 12L: 12D, from 19th week, lighting schedule was gradually increased half an hour every week till it reached 16L:8D lighting schedule at laying at 24 weeks of age. At laying, the birds were allocated into three groups at a density of 9 birds/m2. The first group (control group) was exposed to cool white LED light (day light) (6500 kelvin). The second group was exposed to very cool white LED light (sky blue light) (10000 kelvin). The third group was exposed to warm white LED light (yellow light) (2700 kelvin) till the end of the experiment. Eggs were collected daily; egg number, weight and mass were recorded for each group. Liver samples were collected for RNA extraction. Results: The results showed that egg number, egg weight and egg mass were significantly increased in blue light group (P ≤ 0.05) and HSP 27 gene expression was significantly upregulated (P ≤ 0.05) in this group of chicken in comparison to the control group. Conclusion and clinical relevance:It is concluded that the blue LED light may be suitable for use in layer farms to optimize reproductive efficiency of birds.

Background Lavender foal syndrome (LFS) is a fatal hereditary condition that is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. This detrimental mutation is more common in Arabian foals of Egyptian origin than foals from other bloodlines. Heterozygous horses are carriers of the LFS trait and appear normal, while recessive homozygous foals died shortly after birth due to serious complications. In Egypt, in 2014, an Egyptian foal died after manifestations of neurological signs and abnormal coat colour as LFS signs. Therefore, it is important to identify LFS carriers in the population of Arabian horses in Egypt and to encourage improvement of the Arabian horse industry in Egypt by constructing a breeding system based on genetic background in order to avoid mating between carriers and reduce financial losses from deaths of affected foals. Objectives To establish a PCR‐based test for detecting the MYO5A gene mutation causing LFS in the registered Arabian horse population in Egypt prior to breeding. Study design Cross sectional survey (n = 170) plus targeted sampling (n = 30). Methods A total of 200 samples were collected from an Arabian farm in Egypt and some of them were traced for LFS based on the farm records. The LFS genotypes were identified using the PCR‐RFLP technique, fragment analysis followed by sequence analysis. Results The overall mutated allele and genotype frequencies (N/L) were 0.08 and 16%, respectively. Conclusion The observed frequency of heterozygotes suggests foals affected with LFS will be produced among Arabian horses in Egypt. Therefore, screening of the entire population for this mutation should be undertaken in the breeding program.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different light colour temperatures on egg production parameters and heat shock protein gene expression (HSP 27) in Fayoumi chicken layers. Animals: 165 Fayoumi healthy pullets (17 weeks). Design: Randomized-controlled experimental study. Procedure: The birds were exposed to natural day light with photoperiod 12L: 12D, from 19th week, lighting schedule was gradually increased half an hour every week till it reached 16L:8D lighting schedule at laying at 24 weeks of age. At laying, the birds were allocated into three groups at a density of 9 birds/m2. The first group (control group) was exposed to cool white LED light (day light) (6500 kelvin). The second group was exposed to very cool white LED light (sky blue light) (10000 kelvin). The third group was exposed to warm white LED light (yellow light) (2700 kelvin) till the end of the experiment. Eggs were collected daily; egg number, weight and mass were recorded for each group. Liver samples were collected for RNA extraction. Results: The results showed that egg number, egg weight and egg mass were significantly increased in blue light group (P ≤ 0.05) and HSP 27 gene expression was significantly upregulated (P ≤ 0.05) in this group of chicken in comparison to the control group. Conclusion and clinical relevance: It is concluded that the blue LED light may be suitable for use in layer farms to optimize reproductive efficiency of birds.