Molecular Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle with Reference to Hematological and Biochemical Changes

Abstract

The present study was carried out to clarify the effect of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) on cattle of different ages with references to studying the hematological parameters, biochemical aspects and cardiac biomarkers after accurate diagnosis of FMDV by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Forty-five native breed Egyptian female non pregnant cattle (1-5 years old) were divided into two main groups. Group (1): 15 apparently healthy cattle as control group. This group includes animals at age 1-1.5 year (gp.1a), 2-3 years (gp.1b) and 4-5 years (gp.1c). Group (2): 30 infected cattle with the same age category as the control group (gp. 2a, gp. 2b and gp.2c) were collected from different localities in port-Said Governorate, Egypt during 2016-2017 FMD outbreak. Saliva and vesicular fluid from infected cattle were obtained for RT-PCR and blood samples for hematological and biochemical parameters estimation. The infected cattle showed fever, ropy salivation, vesicular eruptions on buccal mucosa and interdigital space. All the identified viruses were FMDV of serotype 'O' which is circulating among cows of different ages in Egypt. Biochemical results revealed a significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumin, globulins and calcium levels, with a significant increase in serum enzyme activities ALP, GGT, AST and serum levels of urea, creatinine, inorganic phosphrous, malonadiadehyde, nitric oxide, Interleukein10 (IL-10), cardiac tropinine I (cTn I) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) concentration. It was concluded that FMDV significantly affects the hematological and biochemical parameters of infected cattle, especially young one. The detection of cTnI is a very sensitive method for determining myocardial cell damage in the earlier stages of the disease. Moreover, RT-PCR is diagnostic biomarkers for FMD viral infection.

Hematological and serum biochemical profile in cattle experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus

“…The serum biochemistry showed no significant change in total protein, albumin, and A: G ratio. This is in contrast to a significant decrease in serum total proteins observed after natural infection in the previous studies [11][12][13]. Furthermore, liver function was not affected as evidenced by unaltered AST, ALT, and GGT levels.…”

Hematological Profile in Dairy Cattle with Foot and Mouth Diseases in Lembang, West Bandung

“…Neutrophilia, an increase in neutrophils in the seven samples was another indication that was the most visible and distinctive in this study. This is in line with study by Hashem et al (2018), which found significant differences in the presence of leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and monocytosis in cattle infected with FMD. The increase in phagocytic cells (neutrophils and monocytes) can be caused by tissue damage due to viral infection because neutrophils and other phagocytic cells are the first line of defense against bacterial and viral infections (Hashem et al, 2018;Kristanto and Septiyani, 2023).…”

“…This is in line with study by Hashem et al (2018), which found significant differences in the presence of leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and monocytosis in cattle infected with FMD. The increase in phagocytic cells (neutrophils and monocytes) can be caused by tissue damage due to viral infection because neutrophils and other phagocytic cells are the first line of defense against bacterial and viral infections (Hashem et al, 2018;Kristanto and Septiyani, 2023). According to Brooks et al (2022), neutrophilia can occur due to chronic inflammatory stimulation when granulocytic hyperplasia in the bone marrow occurs.…”