This paper will identify some of the barriers and challenges in teaching English early in Indonesia. We believe that teaching English as a foreign language has many obstacles and challenges that must be raised and published so that all parties with interest in teaching foreign languages ??in Indonesia, especially in early childhood, will receive enlightenment. So, we have first received much input from various data sources that we access electronically. All of our data is related to the purpose of this study, and we analyze it with a descriptive qualitative design under the control of a phenomenological approach so that the results will be valid and reliable findings. Based on the discussion of the findings, we can conclude that many teachers are often hampered by a lack of enthusiasm, limited study schedules, teaching resources, inadequate materials, and excess students in class. On the other hand, students have shallow learning motivation and very few skills related to learning English as a foreigner. Therefore, this is an insight for many parties who work in succeeding in English teaching in Indonesia.
The nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) flesh extract has a strong antioxidant activity. Therefore, M. fragrans flesh can be developed for functional drinks which are sources rich in antioxidants good for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, the tannins' content can cause a bitter and sour taste. Therefore, the tannins content should be reduced by the addition of egg white. The purpose of this study is to find out the comparison of antioxidant activity between a combination of M. fragrans flesh extract with various concentrations of egg white and to correlate its antioxidant activities with tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents. The antioxidant activities were conducted on M. fragrans flesh extract by using DPPH and ABTS radicals. Tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents from M. fragrans flesh extract were also tested. The M. fragrans flesh extracts without addition egg white have a strong antioxidant in scavenging the stable free radical ABTS (89.980±0.480 µg/mL) and intermediate antioxidant in scavenging the stable free radical DPPH (105.669±0.102 µg/mL). It is followed accordingly by tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents, namely 14.034±0.100 %w/w TAE, 26.929±0.129 %w/w QE, and 53.164±0.129 %w/w GAE, respectively. Correlation of tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents, which inhibited DPPH and ABTS radicals had R2 values of about 89.23-97.63%. It showed that antioxidant activity is strongly influenced by the tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents. Therefore, precipitation from the tannin-protein bond caused antioxidant activities were decreased.
White galangal rhizome (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd's) scientifically proven has properties as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antitumor, antioxidant and cytotoxic. In nano size, the contact surface area of the particle becomes larger which can increase the amount of active substance which is isolated more so that the antibacterial activity is stronger. This study aims to determine whether the white galangal extract nanoparticles have antibacterial activity against the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and measure the inhibitory ability of white galangal extract nanoparticles against bacterial growth and compared with white galangal ethanol extract. White galangal was extracted using maceration method with ethanol solvent and nanoparticle formulation made of white galangal extract by ionic gelation method. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using agar diffusion method and observations were made 1x24 hours incubation period, with inhibition zones measured using a millimeter ruler. The results showed that the white galangal extract nanoparticles had antibacterial activity to inhibit the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, with the results of inhibition zone measurements of 22.5 mm. Keywords : Antibacterial, Extraction, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Nanoparticles, White galangal. ABSTRAKRimpang lengkuas putih (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd) memiliki khasiat yang sudah dibuktikan secara ilmiah sebagai antibakteri, antijamur, antikanker, antitumor, antioksidan dan sitotoksik. Dalam ukuran nano, luas kontak permukaan partikel menjadi lebih besar yang dapat meningkatkan jumlah zat aktif yang terisolasi lebih banyak sehingga aktivitas antibakteri semakin kuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah nanopartikel ekstrak lengkuas putih memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae serta mengukur kemampuan daya hambat nanopartikel ekstrak lengkuas putih terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri dan dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etanol lengkuas putih. Lengkuas putih diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol dan dibuat formulasi nanopartikel ekstrak lengkuas putih dengan metode gelasi ionik. Untuk pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar dan pengamatan dilakukan 1x24 jam masa inkubasi, dengan zona hambat diukur menggunakan penggaris millimeter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikel ekstrak lengkuas putih memiliki aktivitas antibakteri untuk menghambat bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae, dengan hasil pengukuran zona hambat sebesar 22,5 mm. Kata Kunci : Lengkuas putih, Nanopartikel, Antibakteri, Ekstraksi, Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Antibiotics are chemicals produced by microorganisms that have ability to inhibit the growth or kill other microorganisms. Used of antibiotics in a self-medication is influenced by user knowledge. So that if the user knowledge is incorrect can cause errors in use. This research aims to determinate the level of knowledge and use of antibiotics on the community of Tomohon City. This research was an descriptive study tend to observational, with a cross-sectional approach to 262 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The results to showed the level of knowledge of antibiotics by community in Tomohon City which are categorized as good (31%), moderate (21%) and less (48%); for the level of used antibiotics by community in Tomohon City which are categorized as good (39%), moderate (44%) and less (17%) and there is a direct correlation between knowledge and the used of antibiotics with significant value of 0.000 and correlation coefficient value of 0.524 which means if the proper knowledge then was done in proper use.Keywords: Antibiotics, self-medication, knowledge, use Abstrak: Antibiotik merupakan zat kimiawi yang dihasilkan oleh mikroorganisme yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan atau membunuh mikroorganisme lainnya. Penggunaan antibiotik secara swamedikasi dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan pengguna, sehingga apabila pengetahuan pengguna tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan kesalahan dalam penggunaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan antibiotik dan penggunaan antibiotik pada masyarakat di kota Tomohon. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bersifat observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional terhadap 262 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu tingkat pengetahuan antibiotik pada masyarakat di Kota Tomohon yang termasuk kategori baik (31%), cukup (21%) dan kurang (48%); untuk tingkat penggunaan antibiotik pada masyarakat di Kota Tomohon yang termasuk kategori baik (39%), cukup (44%) dan kurang (17%) serta terdapat hubungan yang searah antara pengetahuan dan penggunaan antibiotik dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,000 dan nilai koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,524 yang berarti apabila pengetahuan yang dimiliki tepat maka penggunaan pun dilakukan secara tepat.Kata kunci: Antibiotik, swamedikasi, pengetahuan, penggunaan.
Irrational use of antibiotics occurs because of a lack of public knowledge about the use of antibiotics that a good and right. Good knowledge will change attitudes so that the actions taken become directed. This study aims to determine the effect of the level of knowledge and attitudes of the community towards the use of antibiotics at Kimia Farma Pharmacy 396 Tuminting, Manado city. This research is a descriptive study and data collection tool used is a questionnaire about antibiotic knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use to 290 respondents. Based on the research results obtained, it is known that the level of public knowledge about antibiotics is still classified as a poor with a percentage of 69% while public attitudes towards the use of antibiotics are quite sufficient with a percentage of 45% and there is an influence between the level of knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use with a significant value of 0,000.Key words : Antibiotics, Level of Knowledge, Attitude. ABSTRAK Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional terjadi karena kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang penggunaan antibiotik yang baik dan benar. Pengetahuan yang baik akan merubah sikap sehingga tindakan yang diambil menjadi terarah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap penggunaan antibiotik di Apotek Kimia Farma 396 Tuminting, kota Manado. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan alat pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu kuesioner tentang pengetahuan antibiotik dan sikap terhadap penggunaan antibiotik kepada 290 responden. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh, diketahui bahwa tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang antibiotik masih tergolong kurang dengan persentase 69% sementara sikap masyarakat terhadap penggunaan antibiotik tergolong cukup dengan persentase 45% dan terdapat pengaruh antara tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap penggunaan antibiotik dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,000.Kata kunci : Antibiotik, Tingkat Pengetahuan, Sikap.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.