The nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) flesh extract has a strong antioxidant activity. Therefore, M. fragrans flesh can be developed for functional drinks which are sources rich in antioxidants good for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, the tannins' content can cause a bitter and sour taste. Therefore, the tannins content should be reduced by the addition of egg white. The purpose of this study is to find out the comparison of antioxidant activity between a combination of M. fragrans flesh extract with various concentrations of egg white and to correlate its antioxidant activities with tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents. The antioxidant activities were conducted on M. fragrans flesh extract by using DPPH and ABTS radicals. Tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents from M. fragrans flesh extract were also tested. The M. fragrans flesh extracts without addition egg white have a strong antioxidant in scavenging the stable free radical ABTS (89.980±0.480 µg/mL) and intermediate antioxidant in scavenging the stable free radical DPPH (105.669±0.102 µg/mL). It is followed accordingly by tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents, namely 14.034±0.100 %w/w TAE, 26.929±0.129 %w/w QE, and 53.164±0.129 %w/w GAE, respectively. Correlation of tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents, which inhibited DPPH and ABTS radicals had R2 values of about 89.23-97.63%. It showed that antioxidant activity is strongly influenced by the tannin, total flavonoid, and total phenolic contents. Therefore, precipitation from the tannin-protein bond caused antioxidant activities were decreased.
Ascidian Herdmania momus is one of the components of coral reef biota that has bioactive potential. Bioactive compounds function as self-defense and also function for human life, one of which can be used as a source of antioxidants. The purpose of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity from the ethanol extracts of the Ascidian Herdmania momus. Ascidian Herdmania momus was extracted using maceration method with ethanol as a solvent. As a parameter, testing of antioxidant activity was carried out by the DPPH (1,1-diphenil-2-picrylhydarzyl) method measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with variations in concentrations of 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 μg / mL. The results of the average % inhibition values obtained were 59.13% (25 μg / mL), 60.93% (50 μg / mL), 61.73% (75 μg / mL), 63.86% (100 μg / mL) and 66.16% (125 μg / mL). The highest antioxidant activity was found at a concentration of 125 μg / mL with an average % inhibition value of 66.16%. The conclusion is the ethanol extracts of Ascidian Herdmania momus was shown to have antioxidant activity in each concentration of the test. Keywords: Ascidian Herdmania momus, Antioxidants, Extraction, DPPH ABSTRAK Ascidian Herdmania momus merupakan salah satu komponen biota penyusun terumbu karang yang mempunyai potensi bioaktif. Senyawa bioaktifnya berfungsi sebagai pertahanan diri dan juga berfungsi bagi kehidupan manusia, salah satunya dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber antioksidan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu, untuk mengetahui aktivitas senyawa antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol Ascidian Herdmania momus. Ascidian Herdmania momus diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan etanol sebagai pelarut. Sebagai parameter, pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenil-2-picrylhydarzyl) yang diukur menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan variasi konsentrasi 25, 50, 75, 100, dan 125 μg/mL. Hasil nilai % inhibisi rata-rata yang didapat yaitu 59.13% (25 μg/mL), 60.93% (50 μg/mL), 61.73% (75 μg/mL), 63.86% (100 μg/mL) dan 66.16% (125 μg/mL). Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada konsentrasi 125 μg/mL dengan nilai % inhibisi rata-rata 66.16%. Kesimpulan yang didapat yaitu ekstrak etanol Ascidian Herdmania momus terbukti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan disetiap konsentrasi pengujian. Kata Kunci : Ascidian Herdmania momus, Antioksidan, Ekstraksi, DPPH
Ekstrak etanol kayu manis memiliki kandungan fenol yang tinggi yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan tetapi memiliki bioavailabilitas yang rendah pada kondisi ukuran partikel yang besar. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan analisis karakteristik nanopartikel ekstrak etanol kayu manis. Tujuan penelitian untuk membuat dan mengevaluasi karakteristik nanopartikel ekstrak kayu manis sebagai kandidat antioksidan secara in vitro. Preparasi nanopartikel ekstrak etanol kayu manis dengan metode gelasi ionik. Nanopartikel ekstrak etanol kayu manis memiliki ukuran partikel sebesar 400,3 nm dengan potential zeta +6,60 mV. Spektra Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) menunjukkan adanya gugus hidroksil dan gugus amida dari kitosan dan gugus fosfat dari STPP. Studi aktivitas antioksidan secara in vitro dengan metode 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) dan reduksi besi III menunjukkan bahwa nanopartikel ekstrak etanol kayu manis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih kecil dibandingkan ekstrak tetapi masih dalam kategori sangat kuat. Aktivitas antioksidan yang diberikan dipengaruhi oleh kandungan total fenolik dan total flavonoid secara berturut-turut sebesar 75,685 ± 1,408 % EAG dan 60,546 ± 0,670 % EK untuk ekstrak etanol kayu manis serta 61,845 ± 0,529 % EAG dan 57,939 ± 0,446 % EK untuk nanopartikel ekstrak etanol kayu manis. Penerapan teknologi nanopartikel pada ekstrak etanol kayu manis melalui ikat silang antara kitosan-TPP dapat mempertahankan aktivitas antioksidannya.ABSTRACT Ethanol extract of cinnamon has a high phenol content which is potential as an antioxidant but has a low bioavailability under conditions of large particle size. Therefore, nanoparticles were prepared for the ethanol extract of cinnamon. The aim of this research was to make and evaluate the characteristics of cinnamon nanoparticles as antioxidant candidates in vitro. The cinnamon nanoparticles were prepared using the ionic gelation method. Cinnamon nanoparticles has a particle size of 400,3 nm with a zeta potential of +6,60 mV. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra showed the presence of a hydroxyl and amida group from chitosan and a phosphate group from STPP. In vitro antioxidant activity studies with the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) method and ferric reducing activity power showed that cinnamon nanoparticle has smaller antioxidant activity than the extract but is still in the very strong category. The antioxidant activity given is influenced by the total phenolic and total flavonoids content 75.685 ± 1.408% EAG and 60.546 ± 0.670% EK for cinnamon ethanol extract. and 61.845 ± 0.529% EAG and 57.939 ± 0.446% EK for cinnamon ethanol extract nanoparticles, respectively The application of nanoparticle technology to the ethanol extract of cinnamon through chitosan-TPP cross-linking can maintain its antioxidant activity.
Pala (Myristica fragransa) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang menunjukkan aktivitas farmakologi. Namun, bagian perikarpium terutama bagian nonvolatil belum banyak dilaporkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini sebagai screening awal dengan melihat potensi dari senyawa yang dihasilkan perikarpium pala.Dua belas senyawa digambar dua dimensi, dianalisis menggunakan software dan server prediktor. Software yang digunakan adalah Marvin Sketch, ChembioDraw kemudian dianalisis sifat fisikokimia senyawa tersebut. Selanjutnya, server predictor untuk melihat karakteristik farmakokinetika dan toksisitasnya. Berdasarkan analisis sifat fisikokimia senyawa terbaik yaitu licarin (titik didih, titik kritis temperature dan refraksi molar), guaiacin (titik leleh), dan virolane (titik kritis tekanan). Hasil analisis Lipinski menunjukkan senyawa stigmasterol dan b-sitosterol tidak memenuhi kriteria Lipinski.. Selain itu data farmakokinetika menunjukkan stigmasterol, b-sitosterol, asetoneoglinan memiliki kelarutan dalam air yang rendah. Nilai permeabilitas CaCO-2 dan intestinal absorption semuanya memenuhi. Licarin termasuk substrat P-glikoprotein. Volume Distribusi menunjukkan semua senyawa terikat protein serum. b-sitosterol permeabilitas terhadap sawar darah-otak yang paling baik dan erythro-(7S,8R)-∆8’-7-acetoxy-3,4,3’,5’-tetramethoxy-8-O-4’-neolignan permeabilitasnya buruk. Surinamensin menunjukkan permeabilitas terhadap sistem saraf pusat yang tidak dapat berpenerasi. Elemicin dan surinamensin tidak dimetabolisme oleh enzim sitokrom CYP3A4. B-sitosterol memiliki klirens paling tinggi. Semua senyawa menunjukkan tingkat toksisitas yang rendah untuk penggunaan kulit (kecuali elemicin) dan tidak toksik bagi hati.ABSTRACT Nutmeg (Myristica fragransa) contains secondary metabolites that exhibit pharmacological activity. However, the pericarpium, especially the nonvolatile part, has not been widely reported. The purpose of this study was as an initial screening by looking at the potential compounds produced by the nutmeg pericarp. Twelve compounds were drawn in two dimensions, analyzed using software and predictor servers. The software used is Marvin Sketch, ChembioDraw and then the physicochemical properties of these compounds are analyzed. Furthermore, the predictor server to see the pharmacokinetic characteristics and toxicity. Based on the analysis of the physicochemical properties of the best compounds, compound licarin (boiling point, critical point of temperature and molar refractivity), guaiacin (melting point), and virolane (critical point of pressure). The results of Lipinski's analysis showed that stigmasterol and b-sitosterol compounds did not meet Lipinski's rule. In addition, pharmacokinetic data showed that stigmasterol, b-sitosterol, acetoneoglinan had low solubility in the water. The values of CaCO-2 permeability and intestinal absorption were all satisfactory. Licarin is a P-glycoprotein substrate. The Volume Distribution shows all the compositions of the serum proteins. B-sitosterol with the best permeability to the blood-brain barrier and erythro-(7S,8R)-∆8'-7-acetoxy-3,4,3',5'-tetramethoxy-8-O-4'-neolignan bad permeability. Surinamensin exhibits permeability to the non-permeable central nervous system. Elemicin and surinamensin are not metabolized by the cytochrome enzyme CYP3A4. B-sitosterol has the highest clearance. All compounds show a low level of toxicity for skin use (except elemicin) and are not toxic to the liver.
The Stylissa sp. were under the sea, and these sponge contains active compound, wich are more active than the compounds produced by teresterial plants. The purpose of this study was intended to test the antioxidant activity of the stylissa sp. Sample of the stylissa sp sponge was from the territorial of manado bay. This research an experimental laboratory by testing the ethanol extract of Stylissa sp sponge using DPPH method (1.1-diphenil-2-pikrhydrazil) to analyze antioxidant activity using spectrophotometri uv-vis with variations in concentrations 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10mg/ L. Was extracted Stylissa sp, sponge by maceration using ethanol 95% as a solvent. The value results of % inhibisi (2mg/ L); 86.50% (4mg/ L); 90.5% (6mg/L); 90.53% (8mg/ L) and 90,83 (10mg/L). The highest antioxidant activity at 10mg/L concentration with mean precentage 90.83% inhibisi. The result for this study indicate that the extract from ethanol Stylissa sp sponge has highest antioxidant activity.Keywords: Antioxidant, DPPH, Stylissa sp., bay of Manado ABSTRAKSpons Stylissa sp. terdapat di bawah laut dan spons ini mengandung senyawa aktif yang persentase keaktifannya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan senyawa-senyawa yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan darat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan dari Stylissa sp. Sampel Spons Stylissa sp. di peroleh dari perairan Teluk Manado. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratorium dengan pengujian terhadap ekstrak etanol Spons Stylissa sp dengan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenil-2-pikrihidrazil) untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan yang diukur menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dengan variasi konsentrasi 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10mg/L. Ekstrak Spons Stylissa sp diperoleh dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95%. Hasil nilai % inhibisi rata-rata yang didapat yaitu 87,20% (2mg/L); 86,50% (4mg/L); 90,5% (6mg/L); 90,53% (8mg/L) dan 90,83 (10mg/L). Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada konsentrasi 10mg/L dengan nilai % inhibisi rata-rata 90,83%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol Spons Stylissa sp memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi.Kata kunci : Antioksidan, DPPH, Spons Stylissa sp., Teluk Manado
Langsat fruit seeds (Lansium domesticum Corr) are part of the plant that is known to be antibacterial. Therefore, exploration of langsat fruit as an antibacterial is needed. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of langsat fruit seeds against Staphylococus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae using the disc method and the well method. Langsat fruit seed powder was macerated using the maceration method with n-hexane solvent and tested for antibacterial activity. Inhibition of the n-hexane extract of langsat fruit seeds showed the largest clear zone diameter value given by the lowest concentration of 10% by the disc and sumurun method on the Staphylococus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniaes bacteria 13.6 mm; 12.6 mm; 13 mm; and 14.6 mm. This shows that the n-hexane extract of langsat fruit seeds has strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia bacteria both by the disc method and the well method. Keywords: langsat fruit seeds, Klebsiella pneumoniae, disc, pitting method, Staphylococus aureus ABSTRAKBiji buah langsat (Lansium domesticum Corr) merupakan salah satu bagian tanaman yang telah dikenal sebagai antibakteri. Maka dari itu, eksplorasi buah langsat sebagai antibakteri sangat diperlukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri biji buah langsat terhadap bakteri Staphylococus aureus dan Klebsiella pneumoniae menggunakan metode cakram dan metode sumuran. Serbuk biji buah langsat dimaserasi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut n-Heksan dan dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri. Daya hambat ekstrak n-Heksan biji buah langsat menunjukkan nilai diameter zona bening terbesar diberikan oleh konsentrasi terendah 10% dengan metode cakram (13,6 mm pada bakteri Staphylococus aureus dan 12,6 mm pada bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae) dan metode sumuran (13 mm pada bakteri Staphylococus aureus dan 14,6 mm pada bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak n-Heksan biji buah langsat memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang kuat terhadap bakteri Staphylococus aureus dan Klebsiella pneumoniae baik dengan metode cakram maupun metode sumuran. Kata Kunci: biji buah langsat,Klebsiella pneumoniae, metode cakram, sumuran, Staphylococus aureus
This work was performed to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of modified tannia flour (MTF) with lactic acid bacteria. Physico-chemical properties of MTF by analyzing the degree of acidity, swelling power and solubility, functional group analysis by FTIR and XRD patterns, then determine proximate composition of MTF cookies. Modified tannia flour is indicated by intensity decreased of the FTIR and XRD patterns during fermentation. Proximate composition of MTF and cookies with moisture, ash, fat, protein and glucose content products approximately, respectively 7.63 ± 0.05 %, 2.94 ± 0.02 %, 0.01 ± 0.21 %, 0.86 ± 0.09 %, 43.00 ± 0.14 % and 8.76 ± 0.22 %, 2.67 ± 1.18 %, 48.07 ± 0.23 %, 16.52 ± 0.03 %, 9.08 ± 1.77 %. Physico-chemical properties of MTF with lactic acid bacteria had pH of MTF decreased but swelling power and solubility increased during fermentation and pasting characteristics were modified, so MTF can be applied for making cookies product, where the addition of anchovy meat as a source of protein can increase the protein content of cookies product.
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