It is still not fully understood how to predict the future prognosis of patients at the diagnosis coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to the wide clinical range of the disease. We aimed to evaluate whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load could predict the clinical course of pediatric patients. This study was conducted retrospectively with medical records of pediatric patients who were tested for SARS-CoV2 between April 12 and October 25, 2020 in the

Aims:The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible changes in sleep behavior and nutrition in children during the pandemic period.Methods: One hundred fourteen parents who accepted to participate in the study aged 18 and over and who had children between the ages of 6 and 16 were included in the study. A questionnaire was carried out after written consents were obtained.In the first part of the questionnaire, there were a total of 9 questions including socio-demographic information and nutritional characteristics, and the second part included the "Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children" (SDSC). The data were analyzed with the SPSS 20 statistical program. Results:The total number of participants was 114 parents; 64 (56%) of the children were girls and 50 (43.9%) were boys. Among the participants, the number of children who had COVID-19 was 38 (33.3%). There was no statistically significant relationship between going through COVID-19 status and the variables examined in general. The proportion of participants who stated that if the pandemic period was prolonged, COVID-19 would not change their diet was found to be statistically significant (P = .038). The SDSC score was found to be significantly high in girls (P < .05). Conclusion:Sleep and nutritional disorders affect the quality of life for all ages for both genders, and their importance increases even more in extraordinary periods such as pandemic. Sleep problems increasing especially with an accompanying anxiety state may lead to developmental problems as well as deepening psychological disorders. What's known• Sleep disorders are common in children. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders are extremely important. What's new• Sleep problems, which increase with the anxiety that accompanies pandemics, can also deepen psychological disorders. Parents with daughters should be more careful during these periods.

Aims The aims of this research were to review patients visiting the paediatric emergency department over a 6‐month period 1 year before and during the pandemic, to review paediatric emergency department referral ratios and to determine whether there were any significant decreases in mortality and morbidity. Methods All patients from the ages of 0 to 18 years visiting the University of Health Sciences, Ankara Research and Training Hospital, paediatric emergency service from April‐October 2019 to April‐October 2020 with no missing information in their records were involved in this retrospective cross‐sectional study. Results The total number of paediatric emergency service consultations was 74 739; the number of emergency visits from April to October 2019 was 55 678, whereas it was 19 061 from April to October 2020 in the midst of the COVID‐19 pandemic period. There was a 67.7% decrease in consultations during the pandemic period. The mean age of participants from April to October 2019 was 8.11 ± 5.31 years, and 52.4% of cases were male. The mean age from April to October 2020 was 8.58 ± 5.93 years, and 51% of cases were male. COVID‐19‐related symptoms were higher during the pandemic period ( P < .05), with fever and gastroenteritis being the most frequently received diagnosis in both periods. During the pandemic period, the newborn consultation ratio was higher ( P > .05), there was a decrease in consultation ratios related to suicide attempts ( P < .05), and a threefold increase in death rates was observed ( P < .05). Conclusion In Turkey, where emergency consultation rates are quite high, these decreases look fearsome for secondary injuries that can develop in children. For this reason, families should be made aware of the importance of bringing their children to the hospital during emergencies, and that all necessary health precautions are being taken to decrease the spread of infection in hospitals.

Background: Whether the pandemic caused an increase in the number of home accidents (HA) admitted to the pediatric emergency department (PED) was investigated. Applications in a similar quarter in 2019 and 2020 were compared. Methods: The study was retrospective. Their demographic data, the reason for admission to the hospital, the time of admission, the length of hospital stay, intensive care rate, and interventional procedures were recorded. The two groups were compared to find whether there was any difference. Results: There were 700 and 597 admissions for specified reasons during the specified period in 2019 and 2020, respectively. In 2019, 9.46% of all cases admitted to the PED were HA whereas the rate was 24.43% in 2020. The male/female ratios were similar (p=0.520). The median age in 2020 (36 months) was significantly higher than that in 2019 (33 months) (p=0.010). The main clinical presentations also differed significantly. The incidence of falls, the gastric/intestinal foreign bodies, and the penetrating stab injuries were significantly higher in those in 2020 (p<0.001). Significant differences were also found regarding diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. During the specified period in 2019, 623 patients (89.5%) were discharged from the PED. The rate of discharge in 2020 (84.9%) was significantly lower. Also, there were significantly more hospitalizations in other wards in 2020 than those in 2019 (3.7% vs. 1.0%) (p=0.004). Conclusion: The Covid-19 pandemic caused an increase in the number of HAs cases admitted to the PED relative to all hospital admissions. The most common type of accident was falls, as in the non-pandemic period. The pandemic caused delays in accessing healthcare services, especially for critically ill patients, more frequent hospitalizations, and a decrease in the rate of discharge from the PED.

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Objective: Lower respiratory tract infection is common in children younger than 5 years and is the leading infection cause of childhood mortality and hospitalization. Deficiencies in vitamin A, zinc (ZN), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and micronutrients, such as vitamin B12, are thought to be causes of respiratory tract infections as a trigger. We aimed to detect levels of the micronutrients vitamin A, Zn, Cu, Fe, and vitamin B12 in children with lower respiratory tract infections. Material and Methods: A total of 98 patients between 1 month and 5 years of age with a diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection were enrolled between February 2011-2012 at Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hospital, Clinic of Child Health and Diseases. The control group included 47 healthy children with the same age who did not have any pathologic findings and history of chronic diseases. In these patients, the clinical and radiological findings of acute phase reactants, vitamin A, vitamin B12, Zn, Cu, and Fe levels were studied, and the groups were compared. Results: Of the patients in the study, 63 (64.3%) were men and 35 (35.7%) were females; mean age was 21.4 (±17.6) (1-60) months. The most common findings on physical examination were tachypnea in 85 (86.7%), cracles 73 (74.5%), and rhonchi 59 (60.2%), respectively. White blood cell (WBC) (p=0.001), sedimentation (Sed) (p<0.001), and CRP (p=0.010) levels were significantly higher in the patient group. Vitamin A levels in all patients (p=0.001) and Fe levels (p=0.001) were found to be significantly lower than the control group. Zn level was lower in the patient group than in the control group but was not statistically significant. C and vitamin B12 levels in terms of the difference between groups was detected. Conclusion: In patients with lower respiratory tract infection, vitamin A, Zn, and Fe levels were lower. In patients diagnosed with lower respiratory tract infections vitamin A and Zn supplementation is recommended. Fe is recommended to prevent lower respiratory tract infections. (J Pediatr Inf 2014; 8: 105-9)

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