It is still not fully understood how to predict the future prognosis of patients at the diagnosis coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to the wide clinical range of the disease. We aimed to evaluate whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load could predict the clinical course of pediatric patients. This study was conducted retrospectively with medical records of pediatric patients who were tested for SARS-CoV2 between April 12 and October 25, 2020 in the

(yabancı cisim aspirasyonu). Ev kazaları sıklığı ülkeler ve yaş gruplarına göre değişmekle beraber çocukluk çağı kazalarının %25'ni oluşturur (1-3). Türkiye'de çocukluk çağı ev kazalarının, tüm kazaların %18-25'ni oluşturduğu gösterilmiştir (4,5).Ev kazaları sık görülmeleri, ölüm ve sakatlıklara yol açmaları nedeniyle halen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Kaza oluşumunda güvensiz çevre koşulları, güvensiz davranışlar önemli rol oynamaktadır (1, 6). Ev kazalarının nedenleri arasında insan faktörü ilk sırada yer almaktadır. Kişinin bilinçli ya da bilinçsiz bazı davranışları kaza olası-lığını arttırabilir. Aile bireylerinin kazalar konusunda eğitilmesi, kazaya neden olabilecek davranışlardan kaçınması bu açıdan önemlidir.Çocukların kazaya maruz kalmaları, yaşları ve gelişim düzeyleri ile ilişkilidir (6). Süt çocukları sözlü iletişim kuramazlar, ağızları ile araştı-rırlar. Bu çocuklar kendilerini kazalardan koruyabilecek gelişim özel-liklerine sahip değillerdir. Gereksinimlerinin karşılanmasında olduğu gibi, kendileri için güvenli bir çevrenin oluşturulması, kazalardan AbstractObjective: Determining the types of home injuries observed with children between ages 0 to 5, factors that lead to these injuries, and attitudes and behaviors of families in preventing these injuries. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire composed of 47 questions was employed for 500 families with children aged between 0 and 5 who visited the Ankara Research and Training Hospital between April and June in 2009. Results: 248 (49.6%) of the participants indicated that their children had had a home injury. 129 of the children (52.1%) were male. The risk of a home injury increased as the age of parents decreased, number of siblings increased, socioeconomic level decreased (especially with those families who live in illegally built houses), and the size of the family increased. The most frequent types of home injuries were falling and slipping, and of those injured, 56% and 60.4% were hospitalized. There was a statistically signifi cant diff erence between the types of injuries in terms of hospitalization ratios. In the families of children who had injuries, it was determined that incorrect behaviors and attitudes are more often seen in mothers who have a low level of education. Conclusions: The risk of home injury increases especially with the decrease in parental ages. Because of this, we consider that the risk of home injuries could decrease with education given to families, especially those who visit polyclinics. (JAEM 2010; 9: 129-33

Background: A crucial balance exists between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms in the functional immune system. We aimed to evaluate the contributions of balance between these systems to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a devastating pandemic caused by viral infection.Method: We analyzed serum oxidant and antioxidant stress parameters according to the clinical and demographic characteristics of children and adults with COVID-19 and compared them against the values of healthy controls. Serum native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT), disulfide, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and ischemia-modified albumin levels were evaluated and compared between groups.Results: A total of 79 children and 74 adults were evaluated in the present study, including 46 children and 40 adults with COVID-19, 33 healthy children, and 34 healthy adults. TT, NT, and disulfide levels were significantly lower in the adult COVID-19 group than in all other groups (p = .001, p = .001, and p = .005, respectively). Additionally, TT and NT levels were significantly lower in both pediatric and adult COVID-19 cases with severe disease course than mild/moderate course. TT and NT levels were identified as predictors for the diagnosis of the adult COVID-19 cases and as independent predictors for disease severity in both children and adults with COVID-19. Conclusion:Parameters that reveal the oxidant and antioxidant capacity, including TT and NT, appear to be good candidates for the accurate prediction of the clinical course among patients with COVID-19.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the training materials of a shaken baby syndrome (SBS) prevention programme produced in Western Sydney, Australia, when used with parents in Turkey, and to evaluate the best timing for this training. In this intervention study, a total of 545 mothers, 39.8 per cent of whom were in the first 48 hours after birth (group 1), 43.1 per cent three to seven days after birth (group 2) and 17.1 per cent pregnant (group 3), were tested before and after watching the educational film, for evaluation of their perception, and knowledge of and attitudes towards SBS. The total points measuring the levels of knowledge of shaking hazards changed from an average of 5.0 ± 2.2 pre‐intervention to 6.4 ± 1.7 post‐intervention (p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the pre‐test score, whereas in the post‐test score group one was significantly lower than the other groups (p = 0.001). In conclusion, training using the SBS Prevention Program was useful for mothers; their level of knowledge about the dangers of shaking increased. Education given prior to the birth and three to seven days after the birth was found to be more useful than during the immediate postnatal period. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGES Training in the SBS Prevention Program was useful for mothers. Their level of knowledge about the dangers of shaking increased. Education given before birth and in the postnatal three to seven days was found to be more useful compared to that given in the immediate postnatal period.

Aim: Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is a condition which may cause to serious health problems in the baby. SBS may be prevented by increasing awareness with giving education to parents especially in the early postnatal period. In shaken baby prevention programs, education is recommended to be given before the 2-4 th month during which the frequency of crying is increased. It is important that education given in the early period is permanent until the period during which the frequency of crying is increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the persistency of the benefit of the SBS prevention program until the 2-4 th month during which crying is intensified. Material and Methods:This study is an interventional study. When the babies became 2-4 months old, a questionnaire which questioned the usefulness of education and the experiences with babies was applied to a group selected randomly among the mothers who received SBS prevention education during pregnancy or in the first 7 postnatal days (group A). The same questionnaire was applied to 143 mothers whose babies completed their first 2 months, who presented to the hospital for vaccination and who did not receive education about SBS as the control group (group B). The data were evaluated using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0 statistical analysis package program. Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee (30.12.2009, 2785). Results:The rate of the mothers who stated "yes" to the sentence "babies occasionally cry" which was one of the main messages of the education was statistically significantly higher in group A compared to group B (p=0.001). The rate of the mothers who stated "I agree" to the sentence "battering is harmful for babies" was statistically significantly higher in group A compared to group B (p=0.001).

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Background: A crucial balance exists between oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms in the functional immune system. We aimed to evaluate the contributions of balance between these systems to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a devastating pandemic caused by viral infection. Method: We analyzed serum oxidant and antioxidant stress parameters according to the clinical and demographic characteristics of children and adults with COVID-19 and compared them against the values of healthy controls. Serum native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT), disulfide, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and ischemia-modified albumin levels were evaluated and compared between groups. Results: A total of 79 children and 74 adults were evaluated in the present study, including 46 children and 40 adults with COVID-19, 33 healthy children, and 34 healthy adults. TT, NT, and disulfide levels were significantly lower in the adult COVID-19 group than in all other groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.005, respectively). Additionally, TT and NT levels were significantly lower in both pediatric and adult COVID-19 cases with severe disease course than mild/moderate course. TT and NT levels were identified as predictors for the diagnosis of the adult COVID-19 cases and as independent predictors for disease severity in both children and adults with COVID-19. Conclusion: Parameters that reveal the oxidant and antioxidant capacity, including TT and NT, appear to be good candidates for the accurate prediction of the clinical course among patients with COVID-19.

Akut apandisit, pediatrik yaş grubunda sık karşılaşılan ve tanı konmasında güçlük yaşanabilen acil cerrahi durumlardan biridir. Akut apandisit tanısında pediatrik apandisit skorlaması ve ultrasonografi bulgularının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çocuk acile akut karın ağrısı şikayeti ile başvuran, klinisyen tarafından öykü ve fizik muayene ile akut apandisit düşünülen 2-18 yaş arasında 220 olgu prospektif olarak çalışmaya kabul edildi. Pediatrik apandisit skorlaması tek hekim tarafından uygulandı. Ultrasonografide dıştan dışa ölçülen apandiks çapı 6 milimetre ve üstündeki değerler patolojik kabul edildi. Histopatolojik olarak tanı konan olgular akut apandisit, diğer grup tıbbi nedenler olarak gruplandı. İki grup arasında skorlama sistemi ve ultrasonografi sonuçları karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Akut apandisit ön tanısı ile kabul edilen 220 olgunun %42.3'üne (93 hasta) cerrahi uygulandı. Cerrahi uygulanan olguların 81'inin (%87.1) histopatolojik tanısı akut apandisit olarak geldi. Akut apandisit tanısı alan olguların pediatrik apandisit skoru ortancası 8 (1-10), diğer grubun ortancası 3 (0-9) olarak bulundu (p=0.001). Pediatrik apandisit skoru duyarlılığı %58.0, seçiciliği %94.9 bulundu. Ultrasonografide apandisit saptanan ve klinik skor sekiz ve üzerinde olan 43 (% 19.5) olgu mevcuttu. İkisi de (+) olan olgularda duyarlılık %44.4, seçicilik %94.9 olarak saptandı.Sonuç: Akut apandisit tanısı konan çocuklarda pediatrik apandisit skoru değeri belirgin yüksek saptandı. Çocuk acil servisinde, pediatrik apandisit skoru ve ultrasonografinin hem tek tek ve hem de beraber olarak akut apandisit tanısını koymada değeri düşük bulundu. Fakat akut apandisiti dışlamada, pediatrik apandisit skoru tek başına veya ultrasonografi ile beraber güvenli bir şekilde kullanılabilir.