In the context of this study, the design of L-shaped reinforced concrete retaining walls have been scrutinized parametrically depending on the simultaneous analysis of cost and sizing with the use of a recent optimization algorithm. The differences and restrictions of L-shaped reinforced concrete retaining wall design than classical T-shaped walls have been also discussed. The foundation width and the thickness of the wall required for a safe design has been also investigated according to the change of excavation depth, the type of soil dominating field and the external loading conditions. The observed results from optimization analyses shows that the variation of the shear strength angle is the most significant soil geotechnical parameter for supplying an envisaged safe design against sliding, overturning and adequate bearing capacity. Concurrently, the excavation depth is the most important factor that is forming the necessity of the construction of the retaining structure and optimal dimension evaluation. It is also proved that the wall foundation width is the most effected dimension of the retaining structures by the change of design parameters and the cost difference is directly influenced by the change of sizing. A cost-effective wall design can be performed with the use of proposed optimization analysis is capable in a shorter time than the traditional methods. Eventually, it has shown that such optimization methods may be useful to find the optimal design requirements for geotechnical engineering structures.
Highlights* Earthquake resistant design of retaining walls * Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2018 * The effective parameters of geotechnical design of retaining walls
AimIn this study, the effects of the soil properties on the geotechnical design of reinforced concrete retaining walls are investigated depending on the conducted parametrical analysis based on the Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2018. The dimensions obtained from the dynamic analysis were also compared with the retaining wall preliminary design limits accepted in the literature.
Location Turkey
MethodsThe effects of the soil properties on the geotechnical design of reinforced concrete retaining walls are investigated by conducted parametric analysis depending on Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2018.
ResultsComparative charts are obtained to show the effects of the change of the soil shear strength angle, the soil unit weight, the excavation depth and the amount of external surcharge load on the sizing of the wall system with respect to Turkish Building Earthquake Code 2018.
R einforced concrete retaining walls are the most preferred type of supporting structures that are constructed in order to resist lateral soil forces, especially activated due to the excavation works which the soil properties of the construction field cannot permit to hold the unbalanced soil mass with slopes. The shape and dimensions of the retaining wall system can be changed due to the project requirements, soil conditions, land ownership situation, infrastructure locations or environmental restrictions and it can be essential to build the sections of the wall with restrictions. The most known type of restricted reinforced concrete retaining walls is L-shaped type. L-shaped retaining walls (LSRW) are generally used for simple loading applications where the foundation length is extended only on the heel side of the wall. In this study, the mentioned L-Shaped type of reinforced concrete retaining walls was considered due to the preferability rather than other restricted type of supporting structures, according to the easiness of their construction works, the attainability of used materials and easiness of the mobilization of necessitated equipment for construction. The design process of
Highlights * Evaluation of the structural performance of existing buildings under earthquake effects * Earthquake evaluation with non-linear methods * Differences in performance evaluation between TBDY-2018 and DBYBHY-2007 Aim Performance analysis of the structural system under earthquake loads by using non-linear incremental pushover analysis method of an existing reinforced concrete structure according to both DBYBHY-2007 and TBDY-2018 and comparison of results Location Turkey Methods Non-linear analysis method is used Results Although there is a greater demand for displacement in TBDY-2018, the deformation limits are much smaller than DBYBHY-2007. The damage zone differences between the two building codes are due to the difference in the limits of deformation.
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