Irrigated field experiments were conducted in the Marmara region of Turkey in 2002 and 2003 to compare alternate 40 : 25 cm row spacings and conventional 65 cm with four different plant densities (65 000, 85 000, 105 000 and 125 000 plants ha−1) of three corn hybrids (DK‐585, ADA 95–10 and C‐955) in some morphological traits and forage and dry matter yield. Morphological traits such as plant height, leaf per plant, stem diameter, ear per plant and ear percentage were measured, forage and dry matter yield was also determined in this study. Hybrids, row spacings and plant densities significantly affected some morphological traits, forage and dry matter yield at 0.01 level. Later maturing hybrids tended to produce taller and thicker stemmed plants. Row spacings and plant densities did not affect plant height. Average stem diameter increased significantly with population density. Row spacings did not influence leaf number, whereas leaf number increased slightly with plant density. On average, all corn plants had slightly more than 1.0 ear per plant in our experiment. Row spacings and plant densities did not affect significantly number of ear per plant. Early maturing DK‐585 had the highest ear percentage whilst late maturing C‐955 lowest. Yields usually increased with hybrid maturity. When averaged across years, row spacings and plant densities, late maturing C‐955 performed significantly better in forage and dry matter yield in all experimental years and combined years. The studies showed favourable advantage for alternate 40 : 25 cm rows over conventional 65 cm row spacings at all plant densities. Average forage and dry matter yields were greater for alternate 40 : 25 cm row spacings than for 65 cm row spacings. However, strong hybrid × row spacing interactions for both forage and dry matter yield were detected.

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Experiments were conducted on a clay soil to assess the effects of green manuring of three annual legumes and nitrogen fertilization on sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata Sturt.), during three growing seasons (2001-2003). The green manuring legumes were field pea (Pisum sativum L.), common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) N fertilization ranged from 0 to 360 kg ha-1. On a three-year average, field pea (3 065 kg ha-1) and common vetch (2 647 kg ha-1) consistently had higher aboveground dry matter yields than faba bean (1307 kg ha-1). Field pea and common vetch had N contents of 68.7 and 54.0 kg ha-1 , respectively, in aboveground dry matter in the spring. The average N content of faba bean was only 30.0 kg ha-1. Green manuring treatments and N fertilization had different effects on yield components of sweet corn. Average ear yields of corn were significantly greater in plots receiving green manuring (15 127 kg ha-1) than those without green manuring (13 826 kg ha-1). The ear yields following green manuring legumes were 33-39% higher compared with fallow under unfertilized conditions. Ear yield of corn generally increased with an increasing rate of N fertilizer. Although the combined use of green manuring and 240 and 360 kg ha-1 N fertilization produced high ear yields, there were no statistically significant increases beyond 120 kg ha-1 N. sweet corn / Zea mays var. saccharata / green manuring / field pea / common vetch / faba bean / nitrogen fertilization

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a short-season grain crop in semi-arid regions of North and South America and Asia. The objective of this study was to evaluate seeding rates and nitrogen (N) fertilization on proso millet seed yield, crude protein levels, and biomass yield under irrigated and dryland conditions in a Mediterranean-type transition climate near Bursa, Turkey. Seeds per panicle, panicle length, seed weight per panicle, fertile tillers, protein yield, and plant height were also evaluated. Results indicated seeding rate did not affect seed yield significantly. Seed and protein yield increased with increasing N doses although biomass did not significantly increase. Panicle length, seeds per panicle, and seed weight per panicle decreased with increasing seeding rates. This study proved proso millet can be grown for grain and forage as a short-season dryland and irrigated rotational crop in a Mediterranean-type climate.

This research was conducted at the breeding station of the Turkish breeding company Agromar A.Ş in the city of Bursa in Turkey during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Used from within the same heterotic group crossings, 7 donor materials were obtained during the 2012 winter season in the greenhouse. The inducer line RWK-76xRWS, provided by University of Hohenheim, Germany, was used for generating haploid seeds. The donor and inducer crossing was performed during the 2013 summer season. The haploid selection and chromosome doubling were performed during the 2014 summer season. Seven donors were used for haploid induction which name are DNR1, DNR2, DNR3, DNR4, DNR5, DNR6, DNR7 respectively, from each donor different amount of ear crosses were performed (DNR1:16 ears, DNR2:10 ears, DNR3:10 ears, DNR4:12 ears, DNR5:11 ears, DNR6:13 ears, DNR7:11 ears). According to the present study, the average induction rate found ranged from 7.1 to 12.8%, and the average seedling survival rate in the greenhouse after colchicine application ranged from 57.9 to 77.6%. After transplanting to the field, 78.3-92.6% of these plants survived. As a result of this research, the chromosome doubling rate ranged from 22.5 to 48.3% depending on the donor material. These result indicates that maternal haploid selection visually is easy. Haploid induction rate (HIR) changes from donor to donor, its mean genotype and environment is effective for HIR. Average chromosome doubling rate is lower than other researchers' results, it is also effected by genotype and chromosome doubling methods.