Stunting merupakan suatu keadaan yang menggambarkan status gizi kurang yang bersifat kronik pada masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan terjadi sejak bayi dalam kandungan sampai bayi dilahirkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan sanitasi lingkungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi literatur. Literatur yang diulas diperoleh dari penelusuran artikel penelitian-penelitian ilmiah dari rentang tahun 2014-2019 dengan menggunakan database Google Scholar, PubMed Central, dan Biomel Central. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, yaitu data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti-peneliti terdahulu. Penelitian ini dilakukan antara bulan Juni hingga Agustus 2020. Berdasarkan penelusuran judul dan abstrak didapatkan 76 artikel namun hanya 20 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil telaah terhadap literatur terdapat hubungan signifikan antara variabel sumber air bersih, akses sanitasi, pengelolaan limbah rumah tangga, pengelolaan sampah rumah tangga, kejadian diare dan kejadian ISPA dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Indonesia. Kata Kunci : Balita, Indonesia, Sanitasi Lingkungan, Stunting
Latar belakang: Jakarta merupakan salah satu kota metropolitan yang mengalami penurunan kualitas udara. Salah satu komponen udara yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan adalah Particulat Matter 2,5 (PM2,5). Berdasarkan data Air Quality Index pada Oktober 2019, kualitas udara Jakarta setara dengan konsentrasi PM2,5 sebesar 87,9 µg/m3 yang melebihi ambang batas yaitu 65 µg/m3. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis risiko non-karsinogenik akibat paparan PM2,5 di sekitar tempat-tempat umum kota Jakarta.Metode: Penelitian ini berupa penelitian deskriptif menggunakan studi Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL) untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko atau Risk Quotient (RQ) pajanan PM2,5 pada radius 0-20 meter setiap lokasi. Jika nilai RQ>1 maka dikategorikan tidak aman, sedangkan nilai RQ≤1 dikategorikan aman.Hasil: Konsentrasi PM2,5 di semua lokasi secara rata-rata masih di bawah baku mutu. Tingkat risiko pajanan PM2,5 berdasarkan perhitungan asupan atau intakedibandingkan dengan hasil analisis dosis-respon rata-rata dikategorikan aman terutama di masjid dan taman kota. Sedangkan di lokasi lainnya memiliki tingkat risiko pajanan yang dikategorikan tidak aman pada radius 10 meter dari pintu masuk stasiun, titik awal di pintu masuk terminal, dan radius 10 meter dari pintu gerbang sekolah yang memiliki nilai RQ>1 tertinggi.Simpulan: Beberapa tempat umum masih memiliki risiko tidak aman akibat pajanan PM2,5 terhadap gangguan kesehatan, sehingga strategi pengelolaan diperlukan untuk menurunkan risiko gangguan kesehatan pada masyarakat dan peningkatan kualitas udara. ABSTRACTTitle: Health Risks Assessmet for Non-Carcinogenic PM2,5 Exposure in Public Places in JakartaBackground: Jakarta is a metropolitan city that has experienced a decline in air quality. One component of air that is harmful is Particulat Matter 2,5 (PM2,5). Based on Air Quality Index data in October 2019, Jakarta's air quality is equivalent to a PM2,5 oncentration of 87,9 μg/m3 which exceeds the threshold of 65 μg / m3. The purpose of this study is to analyze the non-carcinogenic risk due to PM2,5 exposure around public places in the city of Jakarta.Method: This research is a descriptive study using the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) study method to determine the level of risk or Risk Quotient (RQ) of PM2.5 exposure at 0-20 meters in each location.. If the value of RQ> 1 is categorized as unsafe, while the value of RQ≤1 is categorized as safe.Result: PM2.5 concentrations in all locations were on average still below the quality standard. The level of risk of PM2.5 exposure based on the calculation of intake or intake compared with the results of the average dose-response analysis is considered safe in mosques and park. Meanwhile, other locations have an exposure risk level that is categorized as unsafe at a radius of 10 meters from the station entrance, the starting point at the terminal entrance, and a radius of 10 meters from the school gate that has the highest RQ>1.Conclusion: Some public places still have an insecure risk due to PM2.5 exposure to health problems, so management strategies are needed to reduce the risk of health problems in the community and increasing air quality. ABSTRACTTitle: Health Risks Assessmet for Non-Carcinogenic PM2,5 Exposure in Public Places in JakartaBackground:Jakarta is a metropolitan city that has experienced a decline in air quality. One component of air that is harmful is Particulat Matter 2,5 (PM2,5). Based on Air Quality Index data in October 2019, Jakarta's air quality is equivalent to aPM2,5 oncentration of 87,9 μg/m3 which exceeds the threshold of 65 μg / m3. The purpose of this study is to analyze the non-carcinogenic risk due to PM2,5 exposure around public places in the city of Jakarta.Method: This research is a descriptive study using the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) study method to determine the level of risk or Risk Quotient (RQ) of PM2.5 exposure at 0-20 meters in each location.. If the value of RQ> 1 is categorized as unsafe, while the value of RQ≤1 is categorized as safe.Result:PM2.5 concentrations in all locations were on average still below the quality standard. The level of risk of PM2.5 exposure based on the calculation of intake or intake compared with the results of the average dose-response analysis is considered safe in mosques and park. Meanwhile, other locations have an exposure risk level that is categorized as unsafe at a radius of 10 meters from the station entrance, the starting point at the terminal entrance, and a radius of 10 meters from the school gate that has the highest RQ>1.Conclusion:Some public places still have an insecure risk due to PM2.5 exposure to health problems, so management strategies are needed to reduce the risk of health problems in the community and increasing air quality.
The health of the school environment is an effort that aims to improve, realize and develop the optimal degree of student health. However, there are still many students who do not really care about environmental problems so that they have not been realized in real action. SMPN 24 Tangerang and SMPN 28 Tangerang. This study used a cross sectional. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and regulations with the actions of the VIII graders at approach. The population was all students of class VIII at SMPN 24 Tangerang and SMPN 28 Tangerang with a total sample of 245 students. The data source used is primary data with data collection methods in the form of interviews with a questionnaire instrument. The results showed that, there is a relationship between attitudes and actions regarding the health of the school environment in class VIII students at SMPN 24 Tangerang (Pvalue 0.027) and SMPN 28 Tangerang (Pvalue 0.011) in 2020. It is hoped that the school can continue to motivate and educate students about environmental health through posters, counseling, or other environmental programs.
Swimming pool is a public business that provides a place for swimming, recreation, sports, and other services, which use clean water that has been processed. Pool processing that does not conform to physical, chemical, and biological requirements can interfere with the health of the swimmers. The purpose of this research is to know the description of chlorine, temperature and pH content of irritation of eye on swimmers at Halim Perdana Kusuma swimming pool in 2020. The research method used cross sectional, from the population of all swimming pool visitors was sampled as much as 100 respondents. The factors studied are chlorine levels, temperature, pH, long swim, use of swimming glasses and complaints against eye irritation. From the results of the analysis of the univariate which researchers have done found that the remaining levels of Chlorine in the morning 0.3 mg/l, daytime 0.3 mg/l, afternoons 0.3 mg/l, pH levels in the morning 7.2, daytime 7.6, afternoon 7.2, water temperature in the morning 30,8 °c, daytime 31,1 °c, evening 31,4 °c, long pool more on swimmers > 1hour 72%, the use of more swimming glasses that do not use 69% and complaints of eye irritation is greater that does not suffer the valve irritation of the eye 81%. The advice in this research management pool should be more routine in regard to the dose of chlorine, temperature and pH.
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