To update the guidelines regarding vitamin D status in respiratory distress syndrome, we reviewed recent human and animal studies on the benefits of vitamin D in respiratory distress. We searched PubMed and ProQuest for studies on the use of vitamin D from 2009 to 2017. The common parameters in these studies included the use of lung tissue, phospholipids, blood, and plasma to assess the effects of vitamin D on respiratory syndrome. The metabolized form of vitamin D used in these studies was 1,25(OH)2D3 in animal studies and 25(OH)D in human studies. Vitamin D supplementation decreases the risk of respiratory distress syndrome, improves the quality of life, and is relatively effective and safe for preterm neonates as well as during lung maturation. However, although vitamin D supplementation may offer benefits for respiratory distress syndrome, the optimal dosing strategies for specific types of risk factors in the lungs must be clarified to confirm the therapeutic efficacy.

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Background Studies have shown that lung inflammation affects lung function, with life-threatening results. Vitamin D may play an important role in inhibiting inflammatory cytokines. Vitamin D deficiency is related to several lung problems, including respiratory distress syndrome, alveolar inflammation, epithelial damage, and hypoxia. Few studies have evaluated the benefits of vitamin D in preventing inflammation in alveolar cells. Material/Methods We developed a cell inflammation model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. The effects of vitamin D on LPS-induced inflammation in A549 cells were examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of vitamin D was evaluated using western blot analysis. Results Our results indicated that vitamin D promoted A549 cell survival following LPS-induced inflammation by downregulating nuclear factor nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-12. Conclusions Our results indicated that vitamin D has the potential to manage lung inflammation, although further studies are needed.

Objective: The aim of this study is to develop a simple, precise and accurate analytical method of deoxyarbutin in anhydrous emulsion system preparation. Methods: The analysis was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chromatographic analysis was carried out using a reversed phase-C18 column. The mobile consists of two phases methanol and water (60: 40 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The determinations were performed using UV detector set at 225 nm. All validation procedures were added with hydroquinone as an internal standard. Results: The method showed coefficient correlation is 0.9978, relative standard deviation (RSD) smaller than 2%, Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantitation (LOQ) are 0.599 µg/ml and 1.817 µg/ml respectively. The total amount deoxyarbutin in anhydrous emulsion preparation is 1.964+0.02 % with 98% recovery percentage. Conclusion: The developed HPLC analytical method meets the validation criteria made by International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH).

Kualitas produk harus dijaga sepanjang siklus hidup produk sehingga kualitasnya tetap konsisten dan aman untuk digunakan. Salah satu metode untuk menjaga kualitas produk yaitu dengan manajemen risiko mutu. Manajemen risiko yang efektif yaitu dapat memastikan kualitas produk terjamin secara proaktif dan reaktif selama pengembangan, proses produksi, hingga beredarnya produk di pasaran. Metode yang sering digunakan dalam manajemen risiko adalah Ishikawa Diagram dan Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) karena dapat memberikan banyak informasi mengenai penyebab masalah dan akibatnya serta mudah digunakan. Penulisan ini berdasarkan studi literatur melalui buku dan jurnal penelitian yang telah diterbitkan dari 2009 hingga sekarang dan dapat diakses secara online di website jurnal nasional dan internasional mengenai Ishikawa Diagram dan FMEA sebagai metode untuk manajemen risiko. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk menelaah kedua metode tersebut dalam manajemen resiko sehingga dapat digunakan secara proaktif dan reaktif. Hasil dari menggunakan kedua metode adalah dapat memfasilitasi keputusan yang lebih baik, memberikan jaminan yang lebih besar untuk menghadapi risiko potensial, serta dapat memengaruhi tingkat pengawasan proses produksi maupun produk akhir. Dapat disimpulkan dengan menggunakan metode dalam manajemen risiko mutu dapat mengendalikan risiko secara efisien.

Objective: The aim of this work was to study the pharmacophore model of omega-3 derivatives with the PPAR-γ receptor using LigandScout 4.4.3 to investigate the important chemical interactions of complex structure. Methods: The methods consisted of structure preparation of nine chemical compounds derived from omega-3 fatty acids, database preparation, creating 3D Pharmacophore modelling, validation pharmacophore, and screening test compounds. Results: The result of the research showed that the omega-3 derivatives docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), when eicosapentaenoic acid (HPA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) have the best pharmacophore fit values of 36.59; 36.56; and 36.56, respectively. According to the results of the pharmacophore study, the carbonyl and hydroxyl of the carboxylate functional groups become the active functional groups that exhibit hydrogen bonding interactions. While the alkyl chain (Ethyl and methyl groups) was the portion that can be modified to increase its activity. Conclusion: Omega-3 derivatives could be used as a lead drug for the powerful PPAR-γ receptor in the prevention and treatment of obesity.

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AbstrakEceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.) memiliki kandungan selulosa yang tinggi sehingga berpotensi sebagai sumber bahan baku pembuatan carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (Na-CMC). Kandungan α-selulosa dapat mempengaruhi kualitas Na-CMC. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik Na-CMC yang dihasilkan dari sintesis alfa selulosa eceng gondok dari dua wilayah tempat tumbuh yang berbeda yaitu Jatinangor dan Lembang Jawa Barat. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi isolasi α-selulosa menggunakan natrium hidroksida 30%, sintesis Na-CMC melalui tahap alkalinasi menggunakan natrium hidroksida 40% dan karboksimetilasi dengan natrium monokloroasetat; penambahan crosslinker epiklorohidrin; dan karakterisasi Na-CMC. Hasil isolasi α-selulosa dan sintesis Na CMC dari eceng gondok Jatinangor dan Lembang yaitu kadar α-selulosa masing-masing 76,53% dan 71,35%; rendemen Na-CMC sebesar 96,87% dan 85,03%. Hasil karakterisasi Na-CMC menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada nilai WHC (Water Holding Capacity) namun tidak terdapat perbedaan pada nilai OHC (Oil Holding Capacity) dari Na-CMC hasil sintesis dari tanaman eceng gondok yang tumbuh di Jatinangor dan Lembang.Kata kunci: Eceng gondok, α-Selulosa, Na-CMC, Karakterisasi, WHC, OHC Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sodium (Na-CMC) from Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) Cellulose) Growing inJatinangor and Lembang Abstract Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.) has a high cellulose content so it is potential source for sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) synthesis. Cellulose content has effect for Na-CMC quality. This study aimed to perform the characteristics of Na-CMC synthesized from water hyacinth that different growth place, in Jatinangor and Lembang. The methods was included alfa cellulose isolation using 30% sodium hydroxide; synthesis of Na-CMC through alkalination phase using 40% sodium hydroxide and carboxymethylation with sodium monochloroacetate; the addition of epichlorohydrin crosslinker; and characterization of Na-CMC.The result of α-cellulose isolation and Na CMC synthesized from Jatinangor and Lembang water hyacinth were 76.53% and 71.35%, respectively; Na-CMC yield from synthesis were 96.87% and 85.03%. The results of Na CMC characterization showed significant differences in WHC (Water Holding Capacity) from both places but not significant in OHC (Oil Holding Capacity) value.