Updates on the Status of Vitamin D as a Risk Factor for Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Abstract

To update the guidelines regarding vitamin D status in respiratory distress syndrome, we reviewed recent human and animal studies on the benefits of vitamin D in respiratory distress. We searched PubMed and ProQuest for studies on the use of vitamin D from 2009 to 2017. The common parameters in these studies included the use of lung tissue, phospholipids, blood, and plasma to assess the effects of vitamin D on respiratory syndrome. The metabolized form of vitamin D used in these studies was 1,25(OH)2D3 in animal studies and 25(OH)D in human studies. Vitamin D supplementation decreases the risk of respiratory distress syndrome, improves the quality of life, and is relatively effective and safe for preterm neonates as well as during lung maturation. However, although vitamin D supplementation may offer benefits for respiratory distress syndrome, the optimal dosing strategies for specific types of risk factors in the lungs must be clarified to confirm the therapeutic efficacy.

The The Levels of Vitamin D, Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 in COPD Patients, Healthy Smokers and Non-Smokers of Indonesian Citizens

“…It is probable that differences in nutritional status, race, genetics, gender, location of the area between the subjects may cause this studied. This finding is in line with the previous report [3], which found that sputum MMP-9 concentrations increased in COPD subjects compared to those who had never smoked but were similar to healthy smokers.…”

“…Vitamin D has reported playing a role in various body functions outside of the musculoskeletal system [1], [2] including pulmonary maturation [3]. While vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of many diseases such as the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems [3].…”

“…Vitamin D has reported playing a role in various body functions outside of the musculoskeletal system [1], [2] including pulmonary maturation [3]. While vitamin D deficiency can increase the risk of many diseases such as the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular and respiratory systems [3]. The Southeast Asia Nutrition Survey (SEANUTS) for children conducted during the 2010 / 2011 period in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam [4], found that vitamin D levels did not differ between countries except Indonesia, which has a much lower level.…”

Factors affecting neonatal mortality in the general population: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS)—multilevel analysis

“…Therefore, during preterm birth to enhance fetal lung maturation betamethasone is recommended [35]. Besides preterm neonates were at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency, which resulted in respiratory distress [36] and further end up with death.…”

Comparison of Umbilical Cord Serum Vitamin D Levels between Infants with Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn and those without Respiratory Distress

“…28,29 They have explained that the structure and performance of the lungs can be affected by its deficiency in the fetus and the neonate. 30 A study by Nguyen et al in a rat model showed that 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, by activation of 1,6-bisphosphatase fructose and the gluconeogenesis pathway, reduces the glycogen content of cells and disrupts the synthesis and secretion of surfactants. So, lung maturity can be influenced by vitamin D levels.…”