Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease identified by excessive fat deposition in the body with the highest risk of disordered lipid profile. Obesity and inappropriate lifestyles such as smoking and fake food not only influence blood lipids but also helps heavy metals and mineral be absorbed and adhered to the tissues with minimal disposal, that producing health problems with ages. A total of 49 female students (18-35 years old) included in this study to assess the relationship between body mass index, heavy metal, and minerals in university students. There is a strong correlation between BMI and potassium, where there is a positively weak relation between selected heavy metal and minerals and BMI. The increases in the presence of heavy metal and minerals in the present study not only depended in the BMI but also as a result of the rise in the effluent flow heavy metal from industrial units found in close nearness to rivers, oceans and seas have ended in an expansion in water bodies and seafood, fruits, vegetable crops and the food chain. That will need further investigation.

The khat plant has been culturally used in many parts of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula for many years to induce psycho-stimulating effect. Because of the global wide-spreading nature, khat chewing is being considered as a universally growing problem. Catha abbottii, Catha edulis, and Catha transvaalensis are the three species of khat commonly chewed in Saudi Arabia and nearby regions. Khat users usually prefer to chew young leaves over mature ones due to the diverse effects produced by both. Though many of the constituents of khat leaves have been identified, the complete phytochemical profile of young and mature leaves was not performed or compared; also, no evidence is available to affirm the cytotoxicity of young or mature leaves. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the phytochemical basis of the differential response of the young and mature leaves and to assess the cytotoxicity of young and mature khat leaves. Ethanolic extracts of young and mature leaves of three khat cultivars were subjected to GC-MS. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed the existence of two major clusters. The extracts of young leaves were found to contain the maximum content of cathinone; however, methoxyamphetamine was found in only one extract of young leaves. Cytotoxicity investigations were also conducted on both types of leaves using three cancer cell lines, human breast adenocarcinoma, human ovary adenocarcinoma, and human colon adenocarcinoma and also normal human fetal lung fibroblast cell line was used. All extracts showed comparable cytotoxicity, IC50 ranging from 22–59 μg/mL on the cancer cells; however, we observed more cytotoxicity against normal cells (IC50: 6–41 μg/mL). The predominant cytotoxicity on normal cells may pose many health hazards to khat consumers.

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Background: Since 2019, several critical effects of the coronavirus pandemic have surfaced, including its psychological problems such as depression. The World Health Organization has approved a group of drugs and vaccines. However, the world still faces novel coronavirus mutations, requiring more ideas to investigate a drug, vaccine and phytochemical potential chemoprevention proposal. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 co-operates directly with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) to penetrate the target cells.Aims: We aim to introduce the possibility of studying seed oil extract as an anti-depression, anti-stress, anti-epinephrine receptor (PDB: 2rh1) and as potentially binding anti-angiotensinconverting enzyme 2 (ACE2) agent.

Obesity is described as an asymmetrical body weight for height with an extreme growth of adipose tissue that is usually with the highest risk of disordered lipid profile. Obesity is caused by a sequence of excessive food intake, absence of physical motion, and hereditary predisposition. A few instances are caused primarily by genes, endocrine dysfunctions, medicines, or mental confusion. BMI gives a simple numeric test of obesity. BMIs below 20.0kg/m 2 and above 25.0kg/m 2 has been connected with significant various health problems and most of mortality incidence causes. The recent investigations indicate a relationship between obesity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, and short-term weight loss in obese. A total of 39 female students, 18-35 years old, involved in this investigation to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), blood lipid, and AChE in female's university students. The present study reveals a strong correlation between BMI and lipid profile. As well, there is a weak negative relation between AChE and BMI in current work. But, All results of AChE in the present results within the reference range. Further long-term studies with a higher number and different types of sexes will be needed to validate and complete evaluate the specific relation between obesity and AChE.

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Cathinone, the active principle of khat (Catha edulis), stimulates, excites and produces euphoric feelings in khat users. Locomotor and rearing activities, either individual or in groups, of male Swiss albino mice were decreased significantly compared to the control. Motor coordination tests (rotarod, rope climb and grip tests) have shown decreased motor performance in the mice treated with cathinone compared to the control. The elevated plus maze test has shown significant anxiety in the mice compared to the control. Contents of dopamine and its metabolite, homovanillic acid, were increased in the limbic areas compared to the control group. In contrast, contents of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid were depleted significantly and dose dependently compared to the control group in the limbic areas of mice. In conclusion, natural cathinone has depleted motor coordination, accelerated anxiety in mice and altered the contents of dopamine and its metabolites.