Determination of trace metal concentrations in different parts of the khat varieties (Catha edulis) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy technique and their human exposure assessment

Bratty, Mohammed Al; Ahsan, Waquar; Alhazmi, Hassan A.; Attafi, Ibraheem M.; Khardali, Ibrahim A.; Abdelwahab, Siddig Ibrahim

doi:10.4103/pm.pm_658_18

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A study in Saudi Arabia determined the highest concentrations of Cu (215.4 ± 12.3-3054 ± 45.2 mg/kg), Mn (108 ± 5.8-1541 ± 24.7 mg/kg), Zn (23.17 ± 0.4-1490 ± 32.6 mg/kg), Pb (0.18 ± 0.87 mg/kg), and Cd (0.00 ± 0.08 mg/kg) in khat leaves. 30 The level of chromium in the soil and its likely human health risk on the chewers was also evaluated. 31 A 71.01 ± 12.05 to 317.55 ± 23.14 mg/kg was obtained for soil while khat leaves contained 6.5 ± 1.76 to 30.01 ± 2.91 mg/kg total chromium, a value that comprises the present study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and Health Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Khat and Its Support Soil in Algesachi, Ilu Ababor, Ethiopia

Damana,

Geletu,

Keru

2024

Environ�Health�Insights

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Background: Khat ( Catha edulis Forsk) is a stimulant plant grown in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Heavy metal pollution has been a global concern due to its acute and chronic health effects and the major route of exposure is the consumption of contaminated foods. In this study, the determination and health risk assessment of heavy metals (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pb) in khat and its support soil samples was carried out. Materials and Methods: Khat and its support soil were analyzed for the levels of 7 toxic heavy metals by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Samples were randomly collected from 3 districts of khat farming kebeles and digested using mixture of strong acids. Results: The concentrations (mg/kg) of analytes in soil and khat samples were: Cu (6.78-35.80); Zn (24.30-199.02); Mn (7.59-1855.40); Ni (6.37-64.80); Cr (0.82-169.20); Cd (14.2-38.8), and Pb (ND). Among the analyzed heavy metals in soil, Mn was with the highest concentration, followed by Zn, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Cd while that of Zn was the maximum followed by Cu, Mn, and Cr in khat. The levels of Zn, Cr, and Cd in soil samples from all study sites and detected concentrations of Cr in khat samples exceeded the recommended FAO/WHO levels. Conclusion: The hazard index (HI) of metals in khat from study areas was less than 1 indicating a less likelihood of non-carcinogenic toxicological health effects. However, the presence of these toxic chemicals in soil and khat indicates product contamination and needs extensive further investigation involving other heavy metals.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and Health Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Khat and Its Support Soil in Algesachi, Ilu Ababor, Ethiopia

Damana,

Geletu,

Keru

2024

Environ�Health�Insights

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show abstract

“…Four quality control samples of concentrations 5, 20, 60 and 90 ppb for each metal ion were analysed in triplicate to determine precision and accuracy of the method. The % relative standard deviation (RSD) of the repeated results were considered as precision; while the accuracy of the method was determined by using the Equation 1 (Al-Bratty et al, 2019).…”

Section: Methods Validation and Determination Of Heavy Metal Concentr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spiked and non-spiked chicken meat samples were analysed by the developed method. The percentage recovery of metals were calculated by using the Equation 2 (Al Bratty et al, 2019).…”

Section: Methods Validation and Determination Of Heavy Metal Concentr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chicken samples were digested by using the procedure used by our group with slight modification O n l i n e F i r s t A r t i c l e (Al-Bratty et al, 2019). Each separated chicken part was properly homogenized and approximately 1.5 g of each sample was dried at 40°C in an oven and digested in a closed vessel microwave digestion system.…”

Section: Sample Digestion and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preference and Seasonality of Allogrooming Posture and Body Site of Wild White-Headed Black Langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) in Guangxi, China: Functional Implications

Zhao

2023

PJZ

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“…All pollutants, whether inorganic or organic, have an impact on the environment. The presence of hazardous metals at low concentrations can even cause a variety of diseases that are detrimental to living organisms. , Pollutants are mostly derived from three sources: sewage dumped into the river, industrial effluent discharged into the rivers, and runoff from agricultural land where chemical fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, and manures are utilized . In the last few decades, pesticides are found in water bodies as a result of rapid industrialization and extensive use in agricultural activities .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Functionalized Magnetic Silica-Malachite Tricomposite (Fe–M–Si tricomposite): A Promising Adsorbent for the Removal of Cypermethrin

Ul Ain,

Khan,

Riaz

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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This study assessed the efficacy of adsorption for eliminating the agricultural pesticide cypermethrin (CP) from wastewater using various adsorbents: silica, malachite, and magnetite. Magnetic nanocomposites (NCs) (with varying amounts of Fe 3 O 4 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt/wt %) were synthesized, including Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NPs), bicomposites, and tricomposites, calcined at 300 and 500 °C, and then tested for CP removal. The study was conducted in two phases, with the objective of initially assessing how effectively each individual NP performed and then evaluating how effectively the NCs performed when used for the adsorption of CP. Notably, the Fe 3 O 4 −malachite combination exhibited superior CP removal, with the 0.25-Fe−M NC achieving the highest adsorption at 635.4 mg/g. This success was attributed to the large surface area, magnetic properties of Fe 3 O 4 , and adsorption capabilities of malachite. The Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) isotherm analysis indicated that the NCs had potential applications in adsorption and separation processes. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed the spherical, irregular shaped morphology of the synthesized NPs and NCs. However, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of surface functionalized materials such as surface functionalized malachite [Cu 2 CO 3 (OH) 2 ] with Fe 3 O 4 and SiO 2 may be complicated by the specific functionalization method used and the relative amounts and crystallographic orientations of each component. Therefore, careful interpretation and analysis of the XRD pattern, along with other techniques, are necessary for accurate identification and characterization of the functionalized material. The originality of this study lies in its comprehensive investigation of several adsorbents and NCs for CP removal at neutral pH. The innovation stems from the synergistic action of Fe 3 O 4 and malachite, which results in improved CP removal due to their combined surface properties and magnetic characteristics. The application of magnetic NCs in adsorption and separation, as validated by BET isotherm analysis, highlights the potential breakthrough in addressing pesticide contamination.

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Determination of trace metal concentrations in different parts of the khat varieties (Catha edulis) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy technique and their human exposure assessment

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Levels and Health Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Khat and Its Support Soil in Algesachi, Ilu Ababor, Ethiopia

Levels and Health Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Khat and Its Support Soil in Algesachi, Ilu Ababor, Ethiopia

Preference and Seasonality of Allogrooming Posture and Body Site of Wild White-Headed Black Langurs (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) in Guangxi, China: Functional Implications

Surface-Functionalized Magnetic Silica-Malachite Tricomposite (Fe–M–Si tricomposite): A Promising Adsorbent for the Removal of Cypermethrin

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