Notary is one of professions lawful services to public, which has responsibilities related with authentic attesting instruments, such as, letters,certificates, or documents made by him/her in written form concerning various lawful actions Departing from the circumstances as preventive measures of prevention needs to be premature given information about the notarial deed (deed authentic) as evidence in the event of civil law in order to later villagers in any transaction in a very large amount in order to carry out the agreement in front notary officials. The fact that occurs in the community, some of them are less aware of the importance of a document as evidence that an agreement between the parties is done with a sense of mutual trust and made ??orally, but there are also some people who understand the importance of making a document as evidence that the deal is made in writing, that it will be presented as a means of evidence.
The establishment of Government Administration Law brings significant change to the competence of the previously restricted Administrative Court to become expanded. This study aims to find the philosophical considerations from the extension of Administrative Decision meaning on Government Administration Law, to classify the legal implication arising from the regulation of the expansion of administrative decision meaning towards dispute submission process in Administrative Court and to formulate ideal attitude of the State Administrative Judge in resolving State Administrative Disputes. This is a combination of normative and empirical legal research. The study indicated that the legislator main consideration in regulating the expansion of administrative decision meaning on Government Administration Law is to expand the absolute competence of Indonesian Administrative Court which previously felt very narrow. The implication arises after new regulation consists of: the expansion of Administrative Court adjudicate authority for factual actions, subject expansion that have the authority to issue Administrative Decision, the expansion of the Administrative Court adjudicate authority over Administrative Decision which has a legal consequences although still need the approval from above instance, the regulation that Administrative Decision can be sued through the Administrative Court of any potential loss that may arise by the issuance of its Administrative Decision and the expansion towards the parties who have a chance to field a State Administrative accusation. The ideal attitude of State Administrative Judge is the judge should remain based on the strong theoretical concepts of the law so can create understanding and attitude in handling a case in Indonesian Administrative Court.
ABSTRAKSaat ini mengenai masalah perlindugan konsumen dalam ecommerce masih perlu untuk dikaji lebih dalam. Hak konsumen yang diabaikan oleh pelaku usaha perlu dicermati secara seksama. Pada era globalisasi saat ini, banyak bermunculan berbagai macam produk barang/jasa yang dipasarkan kepada konsumen, baik melalui promosi, iklan, maupun penawaran secara langsung. Permasalahan yang diuraikan dalam karya ilmiah ini yakni bagaimana upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan bagi konsumen yang dirugikan dalam transaksi e-commerce, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya yang dilakukan bagi konsumen yang dirugikan dalam transaksi ecommerce. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode penelitian normatif. Jika tidak berhati-hati dalam memilih produk yang diinginkan, konsumen hanya akan menjadi obyek eksploitasi dari pelaku usaha yang tidak bertanggung jawab. Kata Kunci : E-Commerce, Upaya Hukum, PerlindunganKonsumen.
Studi dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui serta mengkaji mengenai kebijakan untuk mengambil suatu keputusan pembebasan bersyarat bagi narapidana saat pandemi COVID-19. Adapun teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisa kajian ini adalah teori pembebasan bersyarat dalam hukum positif dan spesifikasi pada penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang tentunya dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, buku, jurnal terkait dengan penulisan ini. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah guna menanggulangi COVID-19 di lapas yang kelebihan kapasitas dengan kebijakan “pembebasan bersyarat”, namun keputusan ini tidak lepas dari problematika yang terjadi yaitu pengulangan tindak pidana yang terjadi pada para mantan narapidana yang telah dibebaskan dan menunjukan ius constituendum dari pembebasan bersyarat tersebut. The study in this study aims to find out and examine policies to make a decision on parole for prisoners during the COVID-19 pandemic. The theory used to analyze this study is the theory of parole in positive law and the specifications in this study use normative legal research. This paper uses a normative legal research method which of course uses the approach of legislation, books, journals related to this writing. Based on the research conducted, the results of this study indicate that the government's efforts to tackle COVID-19 in overcapacitated prisons are with the policy of "conditional release", but this decision cannot be separated from the problems that occur, namely the repetition of criminal acts that occur in ex-convicts. who has been released and shows the ius constituendum of the conditional release.
Notary as a public official the only one authorized to make authentic act of the deeds , agreements and determination required by a general rule or by the concerned desired to be declared in an authentic document , ensure certainty the date, saveing , all along the deed was not also be assigned or excluded to the officer or others . As a public official duties and notary work not only makes authentic act but also to register and certify (waarrmerken) letters under a hand. This research is empirical nature of this research is descriptive. Data studied were the primary data (primary data) and secondary data (Secondary data). Sembung research sites in the village. Data collection techniques are literature research and interview techniques . Non probality Sampling Sampling techniques . Data analysis method is a method of qualitative analysis . Waarmerken deed made under the deed of hand function are made under the hand guarantees about the date and the signatures of the parties concerned on the evidence. Deed under the hand that has obtained waarmerken of Notaries has the force of law under these conditions, the deed under the hand that received waarmerken of notary can assist judges in terms of evidence, due to the recognition of the signature , then the contents of the deed was regarded as the agreement of the parties , because the deed under the hand the truth lies in the signature of the parties to the recognition of the signature by the parties and to those who acknowledge his signature on the letter means he also recognizes the contents of the letter that is above his signature that the certificate is a proof of perfect .
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