Government of Denpasar city has a collaboration in distributing credit without agunan, namely Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) among Denpasar city government and PT, Bank Pembangunan Daerah Bali and PT. Asuransi Indonesia about micro small development, middle small development and cooperative with credit loan pattern No. Add: 893.3/1919/ORG.0182.107.2006.2, 17/MOU /LPKD/VII/2006 dated 26th of July 2006, government of Denpasar city as a guarantor, however, the existance of Financial Investigation Agency based on governmental regulation of Indonesia Republic Number 54 of 2005, concerning Local Loan Article 4 point 1 that states “Regional Government is prohibited to assigne guarantee for other party loan”. Thus, there is a gap about contract agreement with Governmental Regulation of Indonesia Republic Number 54 of 2005 concerning Local Loan. In relations to this background, so the writer proposes 2 legal problems namely, How is the legal protection toward creditor if it takes place wanprestasi on credit without agunan to UMKM  in Denpasar and How is te effort done by bank in case there is a problem with credit without guarantee of UMKM in Denpasar. This type of study shows that in pursuant to Guarantee Legal Regulation and existing Banking Law, the requirement of guarantee in giving credit by bank is not an absolute prerequisite. If it takes place wanprestasi on credit without agunan UMKM in Denpasar so it will be under responsibility by PT. Askrindo as a guarantee. The effort done, in case, there is a problem of credit without a guarantee to UMKM in Denpasar, the settlement is done through Non Litigation, namely settlement in rescehduling, prerequsite again and manageable again.

The establishment of Government Administration Law brings significant change to the competence of the previously restricted Administrative Court to become expanded. This study aims to find the philosophical considerations from the extension of Administrative Decision meaning on Government Administration Law, to classify the legal implication arising from the regulation of the expansion of administrative decision meaning towards dispute submission process in Administrative Court and to formulate ideal attitude of the State Administrative Judge in resolving State Administrative Disputes. This is a combination of normative and empirical legal research. The study indicated that the legislator main consideration in regulating the expansion of administrative decision meaning on Government Administration Law is to expand the absolute competence of Indonesian Administrative Court which previously felt very narrow. The implication arises after new regulation consists of: the expansion of Administrative Court adjudicate authority for factual actions, subject expansion that have the authority to issue Administrative Decision, the expansion of the Administrative Court adjudicate authority over Administrative Decision which has a legal consequences although still need the approval from above instance, the regulation that Administrative Decision can be sued through the Administrative Court of any potential loss that may arise by the issuance of its Administrative Decision and the expansion towards the parties who have a chance to field a State Administrative accusation. The ideal attitude of State Administrative Judge is the judge should remain based on the strong theoretical concepts of the law so can create understanding and attitude in handling a case in Indonesian Administrative Court.

Jurnal Ilmi ah P rodi Ma gister Kenot ariatan , 2 016 -2017 42 Gr a fi ka , Ja kar t a. Sa n t oso, Ur i p, 2010, Pe ndaf t aran dan Pe ral i han Hak A t as Tanah, Cet ke 3, Ken can a Pr en a da Medi a Gr oup, Sura ba ya . Windia, Wayan P., 2016, Pengantar Hukum

Perjanjian kredit bank dalam bentuk tertulis di bawah tangan, dewasa ini, sering dilakukan dalam praktek pemberian kredit oleh pihak bank khususnya Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) selaku kreditur kepada nasabah peminjam (debitur). Kekuatan hukum surat perjanjian di bawah tangan dalam pembuktian di persidangan lemah karena debitor atau penerima kredit dapat mengingkari keaslian tanda tangan dalam perjanjian kredit yang dibuat secara di bawah tangan. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, isu hukum yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana pengaturan mengenai perjanjian kredit yang dibuat secara bawah tangan menurut Undang-Undang Perbankan dan Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris? dan (2) Bagaimana kekuatan hukum perjanjian kredit yang dibuat secara bawah tangan pada bank perkreditan rakyat? Jenis penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konsep dan pendekatan sejarah. Sumber bahan hukum dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari: primer, sekunder dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum merupakan teknik studi kepustakaan. Analisis bahan hukum yang berhasil dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara deskriptif , interpretatif, evaluatif dan argumentatif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Pengaturan mengenai perjanjian kredit yang dibuat secara bawah tangan menurut Hukum Perbankan baik Undang-Undang Perbankan maupun Surat Edaran Bank Indonesia No.14/20/DKBU tentang Pedoman Kebijakan dan Prosedur Perkreditan bagi Bank Perkreditan Rakyat, yang mempersyaratkan untuk memberikan kredit dalam bentuk apapun bank-bank wajib mempergunakan/membuat perjanjian kredit secara tertulis, sedangkan menurut Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN) meskipun perjanjian kredit di bawah tangan sudah dibuat dalam bentuk tertulis, namun untuk menambah kekuatan pembuktian maka perjanjian kredit di bawah tangan tersebut harus disahkan/dilegalisasi notaris; dan (2) Kekuatan hukum perjanjian kredit yang dibuat secara bawah tangan pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat mengikat para pihak, baik pihak bank maupun nasabah peminjam. Kekuatan hukum perjanjian kredit di bawah tangan bergantung pada pengakuan para pihak terhadap kebenaran perjanjian kredit di bawah tangan tersebut. Para pihak dapat membenarkan atau memungkiri tandatangannya. Perjanjian di bawah tangan itu mempunyai kekuatan pembuktian lahir, jika tanda tangan pada perjanjian di bawah tangan itu diakui oleh yang bersangkutan, maka perjanjian itu merupakan bukti sempurna yang berlaku terhadap para pihak yang bersangkutan. Perjanjian di bawah tangan mempunyai kekuatan pembuktian formil jika tanda tangan pada perjanjian tersebut telah diakui. Menurut Pasal 1875 KUHPerdata, kekuatan pembuktian materiil dari perjanjian di bawah tangan yang diakui oleh orang yang menandatangani merupakan bukti sempurna seperti akta otentik, sedangkan terhadap pihak ketiga perjanjian di bawah tangan mempunyai kekuatan pembuktian yang bebas.

There has been an anxiety over the rise of the spirit of na onal interest on the existence of World Trade Organiza on. This spirit that has been reflected from domes c trade policy, to some extent, has undermined trade nego a on process under the WTO as shown by the failure of the Doha Round to conclude significant trade deals. Countries also started concluding bilateral and regional trade agreements instead of the WTO. This ar cle aimed to analyze whether the rise of the spirit of na onal interest has threaten the existence of the WTO agreements, pu ng Indonesia as a case study. This ar cle is a norma ve research, analyzing the dynamics development of the na onal interest under the WTO, especially Indonesia, and how the judicial body has responded the rise of this spirit in its decisions. This ar cle argues that the spirit of na onal interest will not threaten the existence of WTO as this spirit has existed from the early establishment of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in 1947 to the latest WTO nego a on. Moreover, the existence of the WTO judicial body will secure the existence of the WTO, especially because it has successfully controlled the overwhelming spirit of na onal interest of its members through its decisions.