Global environmental degradation in almost all regions of the world dictates the need for expansion of a range of specialized products with powerful detoxification properties. Another equally urgent problem is an increasing output of competitive products per one unit of processed agricultural products. Pectic substances are effective plant-based sorbents. Cucurbit crops, such as desert gourd and watermelon, present promising raw materials for pectin production. Due to high pectin content, pulp and juice of their fruits, in particular desert gourds, have high viscosity and special consistency. Here we show the results of analysis of the total content of pectin substances and their fractional composition (mass fraction of protopectin and hydrated pectin). The results obtained formed the basis for development of an innovative technology for desert gourd and watermelon processing with production of pectin products. To evaluate fields of their applications, basic analytical characteristics of pectin’s were studied: content of free and methoxylated carboxyl groups, degree of esterification, methoxyl and acetyl moieties, and complexing ability. A characteristic of isolated pectin’s allowed us to evaluate the feasibility of cucurbit crop processing for expansion of the range of pectin-containing foods and increase of their production volumes. We also show data on the global and Russian food markets of pectin-containing foods.
The article presents the results of studies of changes in the vitamin composition of pumpkin, grown in the Kuban region. Standard and modern methods of physical and chemical analysis were used in the research. It is shown that the nutritional value of this raw material allows to maintain its nutritional value for a long time. Differential determination of carotenoid pigments contained in pumpkin fruits was carried out. The quantitative characteristics of carotenoids were established and the predominant carotenoid pigments for the studied pumpkin varieties were specified.
A modern postulate of a healthy lifestyle is consuming products with a high content of natural physiologically valuable ingredients. These types of products include fruits and berries. However, the seasonality of their production makes it necessary to search for effective conservation methods that will not significantly change the physicochemical parameters. Considering that the most popular and advanced method is shock freezing, we have analyzed the influence of low temperatures on the quality characteristics of fruit and berry raw materials and the fractional composition of pectic substances. Due to the pluripotential properties, pectic substances determine the functional value of raw materials. As the research object we have chosen winter apple varieties such as Rennet Simirenko, Gloster, Granny Smith, Korey; stone fruits – cherry varieties such as Podbelskaya, Lyubskaya; cherry plum varieties such as Desertnaya and Kremen; berries - red currant varieties such as Natali and Nenaglyadnaya, black currant varieties such as Pamyat Lisavenko and Orloviya. The varieties of fruits and berries were chosen based on their regional prevalence in southern Russia. It has been established that the low-temperature storage of frozen fruit and berry raw materials decreases the weight ratio of dry solids (1.2 - 4.0%), sugars (4.0 - 9.0%) and pectic substances (4.8 - 24.9%). The titratable acid content increases. According to our findings, the fractional composition of pectic substances changed during low-temperature storage of berries, pomiferous and stone fruits. The fractional redistribution was presented in the form of reduction of protopectin and increase of soluble pectin in all studied berry samples. According to the research results, the functional properties are best preserved in berry raw materials.
Аннотация. Повышение продолжительности жизни населения в мире является двойственным процессом. С одной стороны, это свидетельствует об улучшении качества жизни, с другой стороны, изменения, происходящие в организме, требуют более тщательного отношения к образу жизни, физическим нагрузкам, питанию. Замедление общего обмена веществ в организме влечет за собой снижение активности процессов синтеза и превращений белков, углеводов, жиров, поступающих с пищей. Усиливается реакция организма на негативное воздействие внешней среды. Специалисты-диетологи обращают внимание на качество и количество потребляемой пищи. Она должна быть богата белками, сложными углеводами, витаминами и минеральными веществами. Особенно это относится к плодоовощной продукции. Одними из ценных продуктов, которые могут использоваться в геронтологическом питании, являются цветная капуста и топинамбур. В своем составе эти овощи содержат белки, витамины, пищевые волокна, минеральные вещества. Разработанный продукт для геронтологического питания содержит цветную капусту и топинамбур, а также свекловичный пектиновый экстракт. При разработке рецептуры нового продукта учитывали особенности организма пожилых людей, снижение потребления овощной продукции, общий недостаток в потреблении белков, витаминов, пищевых волокон. В готовом продукте содержится не менее 15 % от суточной нормы потребления витамина С и пектиновых веществ. Разработанный продукт рекомендуется для потребления лицам пожилого возраста, а также людям, следящим за своим здоровьем и ведущим активный образ жизни.
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