Stopping powers have been measured at common ion velocities v = 0.18 cm ns−1 (v/v0 = 0.82) and v = 0.22 cm ns−1 (v/v0 = 1.01) for all projectiles 6 ≤ Z1 ≤ 20 in five solid materials: carbon, aluminum, nickel, silver, and gold. The Z1-oscillation was observed and several new features for the systematics of the oscillation emerge: (i) the amplitude of the oscillation varies with target material and is weak in nickel, (ii) the amplitude changes with ion velocity but this dependence varies with material, (iii) the phase of the oscillation varies by up to 2 units in Z1 according to the material, and (iv) the phase is independent of the velocity over the range studied.We conclude that at low velocity the effect of projectile (Z1) electronic structure on the stopping power cannot be separated from that of the material (Z2).An apparent variation of the stopping power with target thickness was observed and is interpreted in terms of multiple scattering through a recent theoretical treatment.

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a b s t r a c tThe microstructure of direct laser deposited (DLD) IN718 has been investigated in detail using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results confirm that the dendrite core microstructure can be linked to the cooling rate experienced during the deposition. A~100 μm wide δ partially dissolved region in the IN718 substrate was observed close to the substrate/deposit boundary. In the deposited IN718, γ/Laves eutectic constituent is the predominant minor microconstituent. Irregular and regular (small) (Nb,Ti)C carbides and a mixture of the carbides and Laves were observed. Most M 3 B 2 borides were nucleated around a (Nb,Ti)C carbide. Needles of δ phase precipitated from the Laves phase were also observed. A complex constituent (of Laves, δ, α-Cr, γ″, and γ matrix) is reported in IN718 for the first time. The formation of α-Cr particles could be related to Cr rejection during the formation and growth of Cr-depleted δ phase.

Our study revealed that the overall diagnostic performance of Bayer complexed PSA appears to be better than the other PSA tests and ratios studied. The use of Bayer complexed PSA may lead to a reduction in the number of men undergoing unnecessary prostatic biopsy.

Raman scattering from amorphous silicon (a-Si) produced by self-ion-implantation reveals an exciting wavelength-dependent

Our study revealed that the overall diagnostic performance of Bayer complexed PSA appears to be better than the other PSA tests and ratios studied. The use of Bayer complexed PSA may lead to a reduction in the number of men undergoing unnecessary prostatic biopsy.

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