Systematics for the Z₁-oscillation in stopping powers of various solid materials

Abstract

Stopping powers have been measured at common ion velocities v = 0.18 cm ns−1 (v/v0 = 0.82) and v = 0.22 cm ns−1 (v/v0 = 1.01) for all projectiles 6 ≤ Z1 ≤ 20 in five solid materials: carbon, aluminum, nickel, silver, and gold. The Z1-oscillation was observed and several new features for the systematics of the oscillation emerge: (i) the amplitude of the oscillation varies with target material and is weak in nickel, (ii) the amplitude changes with ion velocity but this dependence varies with material, (iii) the phase of the oscillation varies by up to 2 units in Z1 according to the material, and (iv) the phase is independent of the velocity over the range studied.We conclude that at low velocity the effect of projectile (Z1) electronic structure on the stopping power cannot be separated from that of the material (Z2).An apparent variation of the stopping power with target thickness was observed and is interpreted in terms of multiple scattering through a recent theoretical treatment.

Effective stopping charges and stopping power calculations for heavy ions

“…The dashed lines are obtained from HU90 [43] and SRIM96 [24] computer code. The letters are the experimental data taken from Rea87 [25], Po61a [26], Fa66 [27], Wr79 [28], Sa92 [29], Me78 [30], Ab92 [31], BG65 [32], Ga 87 [33], Sa79 [34], Ch68 [35], Hk96 [36], Shk96 [37], Sb94 [38], Bi90 [39], Hof76 [40], Or63 [41], Hv68 [42], Rä90 [43], Wr72 [45], Rä87 [46], R160 [47], BG65 [32], Bi78 [48], Ga87 [33], Bt66 [49] and Sd74 [50].…”

“…The dashed lines are obtained from TRIM90, TRIM92, TRIM95 [24] computer code and HU90 [43]. The letters are the experimental data taken from Po61a [26], Wr79 [28], Wr72 [45], Sa92 [29], Ab93 [51], BG65 [32], Sk86 [52], Ga87 [33], Am68 [53], Bt66 [49], Bi90 [39], Ku88 [54], Sk90 [55], Sd74 [50], Bi78 [48] and Nd77 [56]. Figure 1.…”

“…The dashed lines are obtained from TRIM90 and SRIM98 [24] and HU90 [43] computer code. The letters are the experimental data taken from Sa91 [57], Rea87 [25], Wr79 [28], Ay82 [58], Sa79 [34], Po61a [26], Fa66 [27], Me78 [30], Ab91 [59], Ant91 [60], Shn73 [61], Jok97 [62], Or63 [41], Hv68 [42], Hof76 [40], Zh98 [63], Ra88 [65], Rä90 [44], Bi00 [66], Ku88 [57], Po61a [26], Iw85 [67], Ta83 [68], Me78 [30], R160 [47], Ant91 [60] and Tp62 [69].…”

“…The dashed curves are obtained from TRIM90, TRIM92, TRIM95 [24] and HU90 [43]. The letters are the experimental data taken from Sa91 [57], Se60 [70], Wr79 [28], Ay82 [58], Ku 88 [54], Po61a [26], Ta83 [68], Ab91 [59], Ant91 [60], Ab93 [51], Pt76 [71], Tp62 [69], and Nd77 [56].…”

Velocity dependence of heavy-ion stopping below the maximum

“…Same as Fig. 1 for H and Cl in C. Original data from [5,26,27,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Listing of proton in Ref.…”