A study was performed to assess the feasibility of anaerobic treatment of slaughterhouse wastewaters in a UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor and in an AF (Anaerobic Filler). Among the different streams generated, the slaughter line showed the highest organic content with an average COD of 8000 mg/1, of which 70% was proteins. The suspended solids content represented between 15 and 30% of the COD. Both reactors hada working volume of 21. They were operated at 37'C. The UASB reactor was run at OLR (Organic Loading Rates) of 1-6.5 kg COD/m 3 day. The COD removal was 90% for OLR up to 5 kg COD/m 3 /day and 60% for an OLR of 6.5 kg COD/m 3 day. For similar organic loading rates, the AF showed lower removal efficiencies and lower percentages of methanization. At higher OLR sludge, flotation occur-red and consequently the active biomass was washed out from the filler. The results indicated that anaerobic treatment systems are applicable to slaughterhouse wastewaters and that the UASB reactor shows a better performance, giving higher COD removal efficiencies than the AF.

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The application of wetland systems for the treatment of wineries wastewater started in the early 1990s in the USA followed a few years later by France, Italy, Germany and Spain. Various studies demonstrated the efficiency of constructed wetlands (CWs) as a low cost, low maintenance and energy-saving technology for the treatment of wineries wastewater. Several of these experiences have also shown lessons to be learnt, such as some limits in the tolerance of the horizontal subsurface flow and vertical subsurface flow classic CWs to the strength of the wineries wastewater, especially in the first stage for the multistage systems. This paper is presenting an overview of all the reported experiences at worldwide level during the last 15 years, giving particular attention and provision of details to those systems that have proven to get reliable and constant performances in the long-term period and that have been designed and realized as optimized solutions for the application of CW technology to this particular kind of wastewater. The organic loading rates (OLRs) applied to the examined 13 CW systems ranged from about 30 up to about 5,000 gCOD/m² d (COD: chemical oxygen demand), with the 80th percentile of the reported values being below 297 gCOD/m² d and the median at 164 gCOD/m² d; the highest OLR values have in all cases been measured during the peak season (vintage) and often have been linked to lower surface removal rates (SRRs) in comparison to the other periods of the year. With such OLRs the SRRs have ranged from a minimum of 15 up to 4,700 gCOD/m² d, with the 80th percentile of the reported values being below 308 gCOD/m² d and the median at 112 gCOD/m² d.

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