For the first time the character of the inheritance of the determinant form with four productive nodes (variety Pervenets with a dwarf stem). The analysis of first-generation hybrids obtained from crosses of indeterminate forms with determinant samples (DTR-2 and DTR-4) showed that all the plants had a phenotype with the usual type of stem growth and the formation of buds in the axiles of stipules. When the DTR was crossed all the plants corresponded to the phenotype of DTR-2. In the second generation in the combination (indeterminant x DTR-2) a splitting was foynd in a ratio of 3:1; in F2 (the indeterminant x DTR-4) in the phenotype the plants were divided into four phenotypic classes, that indicates the presence of two genes; in (DTR-2 x DTR-4) the discrepancy was due to the early emission of buds and corresponded to 3:1. The inheritance of the feature number of productive nodes (CNC) in the Pervenets variety is due to two genes, one of which is not related to determination. This is confirmed by the analyzing crossing and calculation of the deviation of the correspondence of the actual splitting according to theoretically expected, using the 2 (hi-square) method. According to the obtained data, crossing was done [DTR-2 x VZR-28-11 (early budding)] resulting in a new variety with a limited type of stem growth, number of fertile nodes 4, suitable for mechanized harvesting.
The conveyor of production of canning green pea varieties of VNIISSOK breeding is represented.
The evaluation of adaptive and producing capacity of green pea varieties for period of four years has been done. It was found that condition of experimental fields of VNIISSOK can provide the possibility for associated traits of productivity, ecological adaptivity, and their combination in the same genotype.
Vegetable peas are by far the most widely used among the main vegetable legumes. Due to its high nutritional value, it has an important food value and is cultivated almost everywhere. High nutritional qualities of vegetable peas are determined by the content of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins, as well as macro– and microelements. Pea protein is popular due to its affordable price compared to animal protein. The value of pea protein is determined by its amino acid composition and its high balance, especially valuable amino acids that are not synthesized in animals and humans.The article discusses the nutritional value of vegetable peas (green beans; fresh, frozen and canned vegetable peas; dry seeds); the content of water-soluble protein, amino acid composition, the content of macro- and microelements in the seeds of vegetable peas of FSBSI FSVC selection varieties; the quality of green peas as raw materials for canning, depending on the type of seeds and the structure of starch grains; requirements for the quality of raw vegetable peas for canning; seedlings and microgreens as useful and nutritious products for fresh consumption; medicinal properties of vegetable peas; varieties of vegetable peas for various uses.
Vegetable peas (Pisum sativum L.) is an important food product containing high balanced combination of protein-carbohydrate complex, biologically active and mineral substances. The need for canned green peas in our country is not satisfied due to our own production. With the increasing competitiveness of varieties, further study and use of the potential for intraspecific hybridization is necessary. To achieve breeding goals to increase the productivity of vegetable peas, to strengthen other traits, it is important to increase the recombination of gametes from several varieties, so complex crosses are becoming increasingly important. The aim of the study is to create the source material of the early and mid-ripening groups of ripening with new economically valuable traits and to produce highly productive canned peas. For the first time, using the method of complex crosses involving geographically distant and morphologically different forms, high-quality pea varieties of canned vegetable peas were created using different ripeness groups, with an optimal combination of productivity elements suitable for mechanized cultivation technologies. The created adaptive varieties of peas of intensive vegetable type with delayed polymerization of sugars and a high content of amylose fraction in starch are competitive with foreign analogues in productivity and taste: Gribovsky jubilee, Maxdon, Corsair, Triumph, Barin.
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