Обсуждение обьемов поставки семян селекции ВНИИССОК на консервный завод в Мордовии Выставка сортов овощных культур во ВНИИССОК Уборка зеленого горошка Транспортировка зеленого горошка на завод

Relevance. Among vegetable crops beans are leaders in terms of protein and essential amino acids, rich in vitamins, carbohydrates, organic acids, biologically active compounds and microelements, they are classified as functional nutrition. Beans can also be very relevant for modern ecological farming systems. The achievements of domestic selection in this culture are modest. Only 16 varieties of vegetable beans have been included in the State Register of breeding achievements approved for using in 2019; 3 of them (19%) from the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center.The purpose of the work is to create a new midseason high-yielding variety of vegetable beans.Materials and methods. Studies were carried out from 2008 to 2018 on breeding fields of the FSBSI “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” (Moscow Region, Odintsovo District). We studied samples of vegetable beans from the world collection of VIR and Federal Scientific Vegetable Center for quantitative and qualitative characteristics.Results. As a result selection work for many years, a new mid-season high-yielding variety of vegetable beans with light seeds and a light seed scar has been created. Hybridization was carried out by step crossing in 2009 followed by multiple individual selection. The surface of the beans is smooth, the color in the technical stage of ripeness is green. Seeds are light, egg shaped, have a light scar. The variety has a complex resistance to major diseases. According to the results of the competitive variety testing of 2016 - 2018, a new variety of Russkie belye vegetable beans was transferred to the State variety testing, and in 2019 it successfully passed an expert assessment.

Breeding of novel pea cultivars is of significant interest in scope of increasing food shortages. The cultivars of new generation have to be highly technological and appropriate for mechanical treatment in all stages of planting. To provide higher outcome of plant products, pea is to be harvested for prolonged seasonal period, i.e. bred for conveyor usage. In this paper we presented the results of preliminary investigation of pea germplasm collection and studies on inheritance of flowering time in a series of crosses. We evaluated all hybrid progeny for duration of vegetation, lodging resistance and seed mass. Seven maturity groups were emphasized with most of obtained lines exhibiting an average duration of vegetation period measured as number of sterile nodes (11-15 for average fraction). As a result of this survey, the prospective genotypes for breeding new forms resistant to lodging and suitable for mechanical harvest were isolated. We propose a scheme of conveyor usage of new forms for sustainable delivery of stock for conversion industry. The obtained material is recommended for further improvement as the initial material for breeding.

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For the first time the character of the inheritance of the determinant form with four productive nodes (variety Pervenets with a dwarf stem). The analysis of first-generation hybrids obtained from crosses of indeterminate forms with determinant samples (DTR-2 and DTR-4) showed that all the plants had a phenotype with the usual type of stem growth and the formation of buds in the axiles of stipules. When the DTR was crossed all the plants corresponded to the phenotype of DTR-2. In the second generation in the combination (indeterminant x DTR-2) a splitting was foynd in a ratio of 3:1; in F2 (the indeterminant x DTR-4) in the phenotype the plants were divided into four phenotypic classes, that indicates the presence of two genes; in (DTR-2 x DTR-4) the discrepancy was due to the early emission of buds and corresponded to 3:1. The inheritance of the feature number of productive nodes (CNC) in the Pervenets variety is due to two genes, one of which is not related to determination. This is confirmed by the analyzing crossing and calculation of the deviation of the correspondence of the actual splitting according to theoretically expected, using the 2 (hi-square) method. According to the obtained data, crossing was done [DTR-2 x VZR-28-11 (early budding)] resulting in a new variety with a limited type of stem growth, number of fertile nodes 4, suitable for mechanized harvesting.

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Breeding of high-tech varieties of vegetable peas is a priority ефыл selection at the present stage. The main requirement of processing enterprises is full and timely loading of production lines with high-quality raw materials. Peas should be aligned in size, of intense green color with high biochemical parameters. Therefore, the newly created varieties should combine a number of characteristics: high and stable yields, simultaneous ripening, resistance of the stem to lodging, resistance to most common diseases. The combination of these features allows to realize the potential of the culture fully, and to find wide application in production for created varieties. Since the 80s of the last century, FSBSI «FSVC» (Moscow region) has been actively working to increase the suitability of vegetable pea varieties for mechanized harvesting. Since these years, a number of varieties with strong shortened internodes and stem height not more than 80-90 cm have been created. Reducing plant height has improved the manufacturability of vegetable pea varieties, the stems resistance to lodging during the technical stage of ripeness has been significantly increased. However, in the biological stage of ripeness, the stem degree of lodging has been preserved, which creates additional difficulties in the seed production of vegetable peas. Since 2008, the direction of breeding has been adjusted to improve the stems resistance to lodging in combination with other economically significant traits (determinant type of growth, mustache type of leaf, green color of peas, duration of the technical stage of ripeness). As a result of this work, new varieties Cruiser, Viking, Triumph, Corsair, Barin, Hercules, Egorka have been created. The work is to introduce these varieties into production is being carried.