The article presents for the first time the results of using organic substances belonging to the category of industrial waste as fertilizers for agricultural crops. The dairy industry has waste (hereinafter referred to as cake) generated during the cleaning of milk pipes and requiring additional costs for their disposal. Biogas plant products (hereinafter referred to as biofertilizer) obtained from fresh chicken manure by fermentation in an anaerobic environment are also promising as fertilizer for agricultural crops. Biofertilizer and cake were applied superficially at different plots at doses of 3 kg/m2 (30 t/ha), 6 kg/m2 (60 t/ha) and 9 kg/m2 (90 t/ha). The potato tubers of the ‘Gala’ variety of German selection were planted. It was found that the higher the dose of the used substances, the greater the yield of potatoes. The yield increase in the variant of 30 t/ha of cake was 5.9 t/ha of potato tubers, 60 t/ha of cake - 11.3 t/ha, and in the variant of 90 t/ha of cake - 15.5 t/ha. The use of biofertilizers also caused an increase in yield. The use of waste as fertilizers enhances the biological activity of soils, increases the content of mobile nutrients of plants of light gray forest soil.
The article presents the results of scientific research on the use of residues of the dairy industry (cake) as an organic fertilizer for spring wheat. Cake refers to the residues obtained by cleaning milk pipes, and has a chemical composition and physical properties similar to cottage cheese, but has a pungent and unpleasant smell of spoiled foods. The direct effect of oilcake on the growth and development of spring wheat on light gray forest loamy soil was studied in field experiments established in 2017–2019. Scientific studies have shown that cake is an excellent organic fertilizer, and its use in doses of 30, 60 and 90 t/ha dramatically increases soil fertility and productivity of spring wheat, improves grain quality.
The article shows for the first time the results of studies on the aftereffect of 4 years of a single use of dairy industry waste - cake as a fertilizer for crops in the crop rotation link: potatoes - spring wheat - potatoes - barley on productivity and product quality. In the spring of 2017, the experimental plot after harvesting the remains of perennial grasses was mechanically processed with a motor cultivator and divided into plots of 10 m2 with the following experimental options: 1. Control (without fertilizers); 2. Complex mineral fertilizer - azophoska with the content of plant nutrients N - 16%, P2O5 - 16%, K2O - 16% at the rate of 100 kg/ha; 3. Cake 3 kg/m2 (30 t/ha); 4. Cake 6 kg/m2 (60 t/ha); 5. Cake 9 kg a.i./m2 (90 t/ha). Variants of experiments were studied in six repetitions. The cake substance gradually mineralizes in the soil and supplies crops with nutrients throughout the growing season. The aftereffect of the cake was studied from 2018 to 2020, and for all the years of research, the maximum yield was observed in the variants with the introduction of cake. So, if in 2020 in the control variant the yield of barley was 2.13 t/ha, then in the variant with azofoska - 2.21 t/ha; in the option of 30 t/ha of cake - 2.41 t/ha; in the option of 60 t/ha of cake - 2.95 t/ha; in the variant 90 t/ha of cake - 3.10 t/ha (HCP05 = 0.22). The agrochemical properties of the soil in the variants with cake application improved significantly: the humus content in the control variant - 3.03%, in the variant with azofoska - 3.16%, in the variant 30 t/ha of cake - 3.22%, in the variant 60 t/ha ha of cake - 3.65%, in the option of 60 t/ha of cake - 3.60%. The content of plant-available forms of phosphorus and potassium in the soil also increased. The pH values of the exchangeable acidity increased to neutral values (6.59).
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