Aim: To ascertain clinical effectiveness of anorganic bovine-derived hydroxyapatite matrix/cell-binding peptide (ABM/P-15) for regeneration of periodontal defects. Materials & methods: Electronic databases (National Library of Medicine [Medline by PubMed], Cochrane Library [Wiley], CINAHL [EBSCO] and Medline [EBSCO]) were systematically searched up to December 2019. Randomized controlled clinical trials comparing ABM/P-15 grafts to conventional surgery for intrabony and gingival recession defects were included and evaluated intrabony defects including clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth and gingival recession. Results: A significant gain in CAL (1.37 mm), and reduction in probing depth (1.22 mm) were shown by ABM/P-15 grafts than open flap debridement (p < 0.00001). The subgroup analysis also showed better results for ABM/P-15 grafts in CAL gain for intrabony defects. For furcation and gingival recession defects, no significant difference was seen. Conclusion: The adjunct use of ABM/P-15 grafts in conventional periodontal surgery is useful for periodontal regeneration of intrabony defects.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the salivary Superoxide dismutase (mU/L) level among stage one patients of Oral sub mucous fibrosis and healthy controls. Study Design and Setting: It was a comparative cross sectional study design conducted at Outpatient clinic of Dental Department at Ziauddin University Hospital from January 2012 till December 2013. Methodology: Eighty histo-pathologically confirmed patients of clinical stage one Oral Sub mucosal fibrosis (OSMF) and eighty healthy controls were matched for age and gender to recruit in the study. Socio demographic information (i.e. age, gender, ethnicity, education and occupation), oral health status, measurement of mouth opening (mm) and Superoxide dismutase (mU/L) were recorded. The study was conducted after the approval granted from the ethical review committee of Ziauddin University Hospital. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 21 (IBM). Result: The standard mean (+/-SD) of Superoxide dismutase (mU/L) in both groups was 4.99 (+/-2.18). The mean of Superoxide dismutase (mU/L) in confirmed cases of oral sub mucosal fibrosis was 3.02 (+/-0.44) which was significantly lower as compared to the control group which was 6.96(+/-1.24) and the calculated p value was 0.001.The strong positive correlation was identified in mouth opening (mm) and superoxide dismutase (0.842). Conclusion: It was concluded that the levels of salivary superoxide dismutase was significantly lower in the sample of OSMF and lower levels of superoxide dismutase (mU/L) was the indication of decrease in mouth opening among the cases of OSMF. Therefore, salivary superoxide dismutase can be used as a biomarker for the early detection as well as successful treatment of OSMF

Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of different types of Oral Mucosal Lesions (OMLs) and to identify the associated risk factors. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of oral diagnosis in collaboration with the department of oral pathology SIOHS, Karachi Pakistan between January 2017 to December 2020. All cases of lesions and ulcers of the oral cavity were included in the study. Missing data were excluded. Diagnosed cases of oral mucosal lesions were documented. The data was then stratified according to the age groups, gender, symptoms, comorbidities, marital status, etc. Results: A mean age of 38.3 ± 11.86 years was observed. The subjects manifested multiple lesions with OSF standing as the most prevalent one at 29%, followed by aphthous ulcers at 20.2%, candidiasis at 14%, and nicotinic stomatitis at 10.4%. The majority of the patients with aphthous ulcers were significantly associated with young age while frictional keratosis was significantly associated with elderly age (p=0.002), respectively. 15 (93.8%) patients who were married were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma (p<0.004) and stiffening of the mouth was significantly associated with squamous cell carcinoma (p<0.0001). Conclusion: In conclusion, the increased occurrence of oral mucosal lesions with age is most likely attributable to an age-related decline in health status and is highly correlated to substance abuse; its amount, duration, type, and regularity. Keywords: oral mucosal lesion, carcinoma, gingiva, buccal, maxillofacial, tumor

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MicroRNA-21, an oncomiR, plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis and is upregulated in many cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Use of smokeless tobacco (ST) products and cigarettes smoking in causation of OSCC is well established. This study sought to reconnoiter miR-21 expression in relation to smoking and chewing habits among subjects with oral cancer. Methods After gaining approval from IRB of Ziauddin University, analysis of miR-21 expression was conducted in 100 biopsy proven OSCC cases and 100 controls. All participants gave informed written consent after which venous blood sample was collected. qRT-PCR (Quantitative real-time Polymerase chain reaction) was performed to check miR-21 expression. SPSS Version 24 was used for analyzing the data. Results Consumption of ST was reported by 85 % and 63% were smoking cigarettes. miR-21 expression was significantly higher among smokers and those addicted to ST products, p<0.001. Subjects addicted to gutka chewing and those using more than one chewable product showed significant upregulation of miR-21, p<0.05. Amount of ST product use and smoking cigarettes was found to be positively correlated with miR-21expression. Conclusion Our study provides the evidence that use of ST products and cigarette smoking trigger miR-21 which in turn potentiate carcinogenesis in OSCC.