Ionogels have emerged as one of the most interesting and captivating form of composites which credits to the outstanding characteristics. One of the most important constituent of ionogels is ionic liquid, which show many attractive properties notably non-volatility, in-flammability, negligible vapor pressure, tunability, thermal stability and solvating ability. A large variety of matrix materials have been under consideration for ionogels, presently, polymer/ionic liquid based ionogels have attracted much attention. Numerous polymeric materials such as have been utilized for these polymer/ionic liquids based ionogels. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been on top of the line as a matrix material for polymer based ionogels owing to its stability, aging and chemical resistance and mechanical strength. This review is primarily concerned with the properties of polyvinylidene fluoride based ionogels with an emphasis on their applications in various domains electrochemical devices, gas separation and liquid/liquid separations.

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Water pollution from the fashion industries containing dyes has become a major source of water pollution. These anthropogenic contaminated waters directly enter irrigation and drinking water systems, causing irreversible environmental damage to human health. Nanomembrane technology has attracted extensive attention to remove these toxic chemicals but new approaches are still required for improving removal efficiency and control the channel size. The work deals with the fabrication of a novel hybrid polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-polyaniline (PANI) membrane with graphene oxide (GO). Incorporation of PANI-GO as a nanofiller has significantly improved antifouling properties and a solvent content of the fabricated membrane. Besides, pure water flux also increases from 112 to 454mLm -2 h -1 indicating the hydrophilic nature of the nanocomposite membrane. Among various compositions, the nanocomposites membrane with 0.1%w/v GO demonstrated a maximum of 98% dye rejection at 0.1MPa operating pressure. After multiple testing of the membrane, the flux recovery ratio reached about 94% and dyes rejection improved with the addition of PANI-GO. The removal efficiency of the composite membrane for Allura red is 98% and for methyl orange is 95%. Based on the above results the PVDF/PANI/GO membranes are recommended for practical use in wastewater treatment, particularly for anionic dyes removal from textile effluents.

Synthesis and chacterization of graphene-based materials (GO, rGO, and MGO) by FT-IR, XRD, UV-VIS, SEM, and Raman spectroscopy, and their potential applications for wastewater treatment.

In this research article, the PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)-PANI (polyaniline)-titanium nanotube (TNT) based nanocomposite membranes were synthesised through phase inversion method. The composition and structural properties of nanocomposite membranes were characterised by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The significant properties of synthesised membranes such as distribution of pore size, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and photocatalytic behaviour of membranes were also studied. The hydrophilic properties of the composite membranes increased with filler content (PANI-TNT) and results in improved pure water flux (484.8 ± 2.9 L/m 2 h −1 ) compared to that (312.0 ± 1.91 L/m 2 h −1 ) of the pure PVDF membrane. The pure PVDF and nanocomposite membrane were further analysed in terms of their filtration properties such as adsorption of dyes (methyl orange, Allura red) and UV self-cleaning properties. The newly developed nanocomposite membranes showed excellent pollutant removal efficiency (~90%). The synthesised nanocomposite membranes also showed photocatalytic activities due to the presence of TNTs, and adsorption of methyl orange (MO) reduces significantly with the UV light irradiations. The UV self-cleaning property of the composite membrane was further confirmed due to their high flux recovery ratio of about 94%. The results show that embedded PANI-TNT within nanocomposite was photo-catalytically active and degrade the dye molecules from the surface of the nano composite membrane.

Treatment of textile wastewater has been a matter of considerable interest because of the potential toxicity, colloidal stability, and deformable nature of dyes. Herein, a novel polyaniline (PANI)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hybrid membrane is developed to remove textile wastewater dyes. The hybrid membrane's contact angle decreases by increasing the concentration of polyaniline in the PVDF matrix, enhancing the hybrid membrane's hydrophilicity. Membrane properties, including porosity, antifouling property, solvent content, and pure water flux, are improved in the hybrid membrane compared with neat PVDF membranes. The purified water flux is enhanced from 28 to 47 L m−2 h, which indicates the impact of PANI on the hydrophilicity of the hybrid membranes. Among the hybrid membranes, 3P exhibits 85% dye rejection at 0.1 MPa operating pressure. Hence, the incorporation of PANI in the PVDF matrix is proposed to enhance the hybrid membrane's dye rejection and antifouling properties.

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