BackgroundTraditionally, Operculina turpethum has been used in a wide range of ailments such as, gastrointestinal disturbances and asthma. It is found in China, South Asia, Pacific Islands, and Australia. This study was aimed to provide a possible pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of O. turpethum in gut and airways disorders.MethodsCastor oil-induced diarrhoeal mice model and isolated tissue preparations such as, rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig tracheal preparations were used to test the antidiarrhoeal, antispasmodic and bronchodilator effects and the possible mode of action(s) of the 70% aqueous-ethanolic extract of O. turpethum black variety (OTB).ResultsIn the castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice, the crude extract of OTB caused a dose-dependent (300–1000 mg/kg) protection from diarrhoea, similar to that of loperamide. In isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, OTB produced a dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous and high K+(80 mM)-induced contractions with resultant median effective concentrations (EC50 with 95% confidence interval) of 1.04 mg/ml (0.59-1.54) and 0.12 mg/ml (0.10-0.15; n = 4) respectively, thus showing more potency against K+. Pretreatment of the tissue with OTB (0.01 and 0.03 mg/ml) caused a rightward shift in the concentration response curves of Ca++, similar to that of verapamil. In isolated guinea-pig tracheal preparations, OTB caused inhibition of carbachol and high K+-induced constriction at similar concentrations with respective EC50 value of 0.66 mg/ml (0.53-0.82) and 0.59 mg/ml (0.45-0.62). Activity-directed fractionation revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction was more potent than the parent crude extract and hexane fraction.ConclusionThese results suggest that the crude extract of O. turpethum possesses antidiarrhoeal, antispasmodic and bronchodilator activities, mediated possibly through the presence of Ca++ antagonist like constituent(s), though additional mechanism(s) cannot be ruled out. Thus, this study provides the evidence for the medicinal use of plant in diarrhoea and asthma.
Determination of the minor components in any botanical source is of great importance in establishing the extract of oil quality and its validity. n-Hexane extracted Sesbania grandiflora seed oil was investigated for its tocopherol and phytosterol contents. Total tocopherol content in seed oil is 258.21 mg/100 g, which shows its great potential as an antioxidant agent while occurrence of phytosterol shows that it have potentially anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities. Vegetable oils are the richest dietary source of phytosterols therefore presence of significant amount of sterols followed by maximum percentage of β-sitosterol (74.06 ± 2.61), indicates that it can be utilized as a raw material for the production of steroid hormones and manufacturing cosmetic products. We have also performed proximate analysis such as moisture content, ash value, protein and carbohydrate detections to establish the quality control of seeds.
Objective: Present study was aimed to standardize the leaves, pods, and bark of Dalbergia sisso Roxb (Fabaceae) plant which is one of the most important species of Pakistan and used in different ailments. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sind Medical University KarachiEmail: phr_huma@hotmail.com Methods: Powders of dried parts of this plant were used for macroscopic and microscopic, histological, fluorescence, micro chemical, proximate, infra-red spectroscopic examinations and extract were used for preliminary phytochemical examination. These entire tests were performed as per World Health Organization (WHO) standards.
Drug-drug interaction (DDI) is a specific type of adverse event, which developsdue to multiple regimen therapy, and that may lead to significant hospitalization and death.Clinical and economic impact of drug interactions are increasingly accredited as a chiefconcern in critical care. Potentiating effects of DDIs in intensive care units are far more criticaldue to complex medications regimen, high risk severely ill population and associated metabolicand physiological disturbances which can impede drug effects. Pharmacist contribution isclassified as clarification of drug order, appropriate drug information provision, and advice forsubstitute treatment. A multidisciplinary approach is very necessary in developing a pharmacotherapeuticregimen designed to optimize patient outcome and minimize any potential dugdrug interactions. This review encompasses the prevalence, categorization, significance interm of patient safety and prescription efficacy, clinical and economic burdens, national andinternational data comparisons related to drug-drug interactions.
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