Background: The doctor-patient relationship is a central feature of the healthcare system. The recent developments in the delivery of health care have tended to focus on patient satisfaction. Therefore, this study was planned to find out the satisfaction of patients attending the outpatient department of teaching hospitals in Peshawar. Methods: A cross-sectional study on Patients Satisfaction was conducted in outpatient departments of five different private and public teaching hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan from March 2019 to March 2020. The questionnaire was translated into Pashto. All the patients consenting to participate were asked questions from Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 (PSQ-18) by the principal investigator. The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 25. Results: The mean age of the sample (n=1025) was 37.58±15.60 years. There were 725 (70.1%) females and the majority were attending public sector hospitals (n=596, 58.1%). More than half of the sample (n=589, 57.5%) reported higher than mean scores on the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ). The insignificant gender difference was observed in terms of PSQ, whereas patients of public sector hospitals were more satisfied than patients of private sector hospitals (p=0.000). The inter-scale correlation using Pearson Coefficient between patient satisfaction and its subtypes showed a significant moderate positive correlation with a p-value of p=0.000. Conclusion: More than half of the patients showed satisfaction with the healthcare services. Patients attending public sector hospitals were more satisfied than the patients attending private sector hospitals.
Microbial mediated synthesis of metallic nanoparticles constitutes as effective and promising approach for the development of antibacterial materials in the field of bioengineering and biomedicine. We prepared Cadmium oxide nanoaprticles (CdO NPs) utilizing Penicillium oxalicum, and cadmium acetate solution via coprecipitate method. The elemental composition and morphology of these synthesized CdO NPs were examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Furthermore, we evaluated the bactericidal potential of prepared CdO NPs using Escherichia coli (E.coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Bacillus cereus (B.cereus), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Dimethyl sulfoxide was used as negative control while erythromycin was used as positive control. The XRD spectrum revealed cubic crystalline nanoparticles with 22.94 nm size and UV showed absorbance peak at 297 nm with 2.5 eV band gap energy. FTIR depicted O─H and carboxylic groups along with CdO stretching vibration. EDS showed the presence of organic compounds on Cd and O over NPs surface. SEM results revealed the spherical shape of the CdO NPs. The synthesized NPs exhibited highly potent bactericidal activity against selected strains and demonstrated less optical density of 0.086 after 24 hr. Owing to the significant antibacterial activity of CdO NPs, the broad application prospects of these nanoparticles CdO NPs in extensive biomedical applications is indicated.
For in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, it is pre-requisite to quantify drug concentrations in plasma. In the present study a RP-HPLC procedure was developed and validated for the assessment of ketoprofen in human plasma. For this purpose mobile phase consisting of methaol:water (70:30) adjusted to pH 3.3 with phosphoric acid was used, and chromatography was carried out on Discovery HS C18 column, 5 μm (
The objective of this study was based on the formulation development of fast dispersible Aceclofenac tablets (100 mg) and to evaluate the influence of pharmaceutical mixtures of directly compressible Avicel PH102 with Mannitol and Ac-di-sol on the compressional, mechanical characteristics and drug release properties. Fast dispersible Aceclofenac formulations were developed by central composite design (CCD). Among them the best possible formulation was selected on the basis of micromeritic properties, appropriate tablet weight and disintegration time for further study. Tablets were directly compressed using manual hydraulic press with a compressional force ranging from 7.2 to 77.2 MN/m 2. Pre and post compression studies were performed and the compressed formulations (FA-FF) were assessed for different quality tests. The Heckel and Kawakita equations were applied for determination of compressional behavior of formulations. The quality attributes suggested that formulation (FB) containing avicel PH 102 (20%), mannitol (25%) and ac-di-sol (3%) as best optimized formulation showing better mechanical strength i.e. hardness 35.40 ± 6.93N, tensile strength 0.963 MN/m 2 , and friability 0.68%. Furthermore, compressional analysis of FB showed lowest P Y value 59.520 MN/m 2 and P k value 1.040 MN/m 2 indicating plasticity of the material. Formulation FB disintegrated rapidly within 21 seconds and released 99.92% drug after 45 min in phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Results of drug release kinetics showed that all formulations followed Weibull and First-order models in three different dissolution media. Avicel PH102 based formulation mixture exhibit excellent compactional strength with rapid disintegration and quick drug release.
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