The sequential contact transformation technique is applied to the vibrational–torsional–rotational Hamiltonian for molecules containing a threefold symmetric internal rotor, which makes it possible to analyze various higher-order vibration–torsion–rotation interactions and their effects in the vibration–torsion–rotation spectra of the molecule. The formalism for the calculation of Hamiltonian coefficients is developed in terms of the fundamental molecular parameters. The resulting formulas are applicable to analyze the molecular structure. The theory presented is applied to the calculation of the quartic and sixtic centrifugal distortion constants of the molecule.
This paper reports the fabrication of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs)‐Ni‐Al layerd double hydroxide (LDH) composite film by one step electrochemical deposition on the surface of a glass carbon electrode from the mixture solution containing HAuCl4 and nitrate salts of Ni2+ and Al3+. Improved conductivity was obtained by Au NPs codeposited on LDH film. The synergic effect of LDHs and Au NPs dramatically improves the performance of L‐cysteine electro‐oxidation, displaying low oxidation peak potential (0.16 V) and high current response. Thus the electrode was used to sense L‐cysteine, showing good sensitivity and selectivity.
Microbial immobilization of nitrate (NO3−) is considered to be an important process in reducing NO3 − accumulation and regulating nitrogen (N) retention capacity in soils. Accurately quantifying the rate of microbial NO3− immobilization is, therefore, necessary to predict its role in lowering NO3− accumulation in soils. We compared microbial NO3− immobilization rates using a 15NO3− labelling technique in three different ways: (a) 15N pool dilution, (b) organic 15N recovery and (c) microbial biomass 15N recovery, in a nitrate‐rich upland soil with and without amendment with organic materials with differing carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratios (C/N). The three methods generated similar NO3− immobilization rates, except when the soil was amended with easily decomposable organic materials (glucose and sucrose). We also developed a microbial NO3− immobilization‐specific quality index that incorporates the C/N ratio, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents and pH for slowly decomposing organic materials (plant residues). This study provides direct empirical evidence that the results of different methods for calculating soil microbial NO3− immobilization rates are affected by the characteristics of organic materials added to the soil.
Highlights
Three methods for estimating microbial NO3− immobilization were compared
The methods generated similar NO3− immobilization rates when amended with plant residues
Higher NO3− immobilization when measured with 15N dilution with readily available C input
A microbial NO3− immobilization‐specific index for plant residues was developed
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology V 1505Pt Hollow Nanospheres: Facile Synthesis and Enhanced Electrocatalysts. -A facile room-temperature method for the cost-effective large-scale synthesis of Pt hollow nanospheres is developed. The Pt nanospheres with an average diameter of 24 nm are synthesized from aqueous solutions of CoCl2, NaBH4, H2PtCl6, and citric acid at room temperature. The samples are characterized by TEM. The synthesized hollow nanospheres, composed of discrete Pt nanoparticles, show good electrocatalytic activity in the oxidation of methanol. These metallic hollow nanospheres could be useful in industrial applications including catalytic nanoreactors, plasmonic devices, and near-infrared absorbers. -(LIANG, H.-P.; ZHANG, H.-M.; HU, J.-S.; GUO, Y.-G.; WAN*, L.-J.; BAI, C.-L.; Angew.
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