Background:The autocrine regulatory effects of apelin on self-remodeling of adipose tissue are not known. Results: Apelin enhances not only the differentiation and metabolic activity of brown adipocytes but also the browning of white adipocytes. Conclusion: Apelin-APJ signaling promotes adipose tissue browning. Significance: Apelin signaling may serve as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
Multifunctional graphene quantum dots (GQDs) conjugated layered protonated titanate (LPT) nanoflowers have been developed as a promising system for fluorescence imaging and targeted drug delivery. The layered structure of the titanate nanoflowers provides a high specific area for loading drugs. The negatively charged nanocarrier shows a high loading capacity for doxorubicin (DOX). The fluorescence of GQDs reveals the intracellular localization of nanocarriers, suggesting that the uptake is via active endocytosis. Anti-HER2 labelling not only enables rapid uptake into HER2-overexpressing cancer cells, but also improves the nuclear accumulation of DOX. While the drug-free nanocarriers are highly biocompatible for up to 200 mg mL À1 , the DOX loaded nanocarriers are more potent than free DOX in anticancer therapy. It is demonstrated that the anti-HER2-GQD-LPT system is a promising platform for simultaneous cancer imaging and anticancer therapeutics.
ExperimentalPreparation of anti-HER2 labelled GQD conjugated LPT nanoowers LPT nanoowers were synthesized as previously described. 13 GQDs were synthesized according to a reported method, 22 and then puried by ultraltration with a 3 kDa MWCO membrane. 23 LPT nanoowers were rst reacted with 10% (v/v)
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