Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes

Than, Aung; He, Hui Ling; Chua, Si Hui; Xu, Dan; Sun, Li; Leow, Melvin Khee–Shing; Chen, Peng

doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.643817

Cited by 88 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Apelin injection decreases WAT mass and serum triglyceride levels in obese mice, whereas apelin knockout mice have augmented body adiposity and serum free‐fatty acid levels (Yue et al, ). Recently, it has been shown that apelin enhances brown adipogenesis and browning of white adipocytes (Than et al, ). As apelin production in adipocytes and its plasma levels are elevated in obesity associated to hyper‐insulinemia (Boucher et al, ), it has been suggested that the over‐production of apelin in obesity could be one of the last protections before the emergence of the obesity‐related disorders such as type 2 diabetes (Perez‐Echarri et al, ; Castan‐Laurell et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiotrophin‐1 Regulates Adipokine Production in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes and Adipose Tissue From Obese Mice

López-Yoldi

Marcos-Gómez

Romero-Lozano

et al. 2017

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) belongs to the IL-6 family of cytokines. Previous studies of our group revealed that CT-1 is a key regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of the present study was to analyze the in vitro and in vivo effects of CT-1 on the production of several adipokines involved in body weight regulation, nutrient metabolism, and inflammation. For this purpose, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated with recombinant protein CT-1 (rCT-1) (1-40 ng/ml) for 1 and 18 h. Moreover, the acute effects of rCT-1 administration (0.2 mg/kg, i.v.) for 30 min and 3 h on adipokines levels were also evaluated in high-fat fed obese mice. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, rCT-1 treatment downregulated the expression and secretion of leptin, resistin, and visfatin. However, rCT-1 significantly stimulated apelin mRNA and secretion. rCT-1 (18 h) also promoted the activation by phosphorylation of AKT, ERK 1/2, and STAT3. Interestingly, pre-treatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 reversed the stimulatory effects of rCT-1 on apelin expression, suggesting that this pathway could be mediating the effects of rCT-1 on apelin production. In contrast, acute administration of rCT-1 (30 min and 3 h) to diet-induced obese mice downregulated leptin and resistin, without significantly modifying apelin or visfatin mRNA in adipose tissue. Furthermore, CT-1 null mice exhibited altered expression of adipokines in adipose tissue. The present study demonstrates that rCT-1 modulates the production of adipokines in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that the regulation of the secretory function of adipocytes could be involved in the metabolic actions of this cytokine. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2469-2477, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiotrophin‐1 Regulates Adipokine Production in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes and Adipose Tissue From Obese Mice

López-Yoldi

Marcos-Gómez

Romero-Lozano

et al. 2017

Journal Cellular Physiology

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“…From this point, the precursors can become either white or brown pre-adipocytes by treatment with BMP2/BMP4 and BMP7/PRDM16, respectively (Tseng et al, 2008; Kajimura et al, 2009). Further browning of white adipocytes can be induced by treating with irisin, FGF21 or apelin among other factors (Pyrzak et al, 2015; Than et al, 2015). It has also been shown that transient overexpression of the PPARγ2 and C/EBPα genes in MSCs would lead to the formation of adipose tissue that expresses the unique brown adipocyte marker, UCP1, in vitro and in vivo (Sheyn et al, 2013).…”

Section: Brown Adipogenesis Of Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and challenges in three-dimensional brown adipogenesis of stem cells

Unser

Tian

Xie

2015

Biotechnology Advances

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The formation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) via brown adipogenesis has become a notable process due to its ability to expend energy as heat with implications in the treatment of metabolic disorders and obesity. With the advent of complexity within white adipose tissue (WAT) along with inducible brown adipocytes (also known as brite and beige), there has been a surge in deciphering adipocyte biology as well as in vivo adipogenic microenvironments. A therapeutic outcome would benefit from understanding early events in brown adipogenesis, which can be accomplished by studying cellular differentiation. Pluripotent stem cells are an efficient model for differentiation and have been directed towards both white adipogenic and brown adipogenic lineages. The stem cell microenvironment greatly contributes to terminal cell fate and as such, has been mimicked extensively by various polymers including those that can form 3D hydrogel constructs capable of biochemical and/or mechanical modifications and modulations. Using bioengineering approaches towards the creation of 3D cell culture arrangements is more beneficial than traditional 2D culture in that it better recapitulates the native tissue biochemically and biomechanically. In addition, such an approach could potentially protect the tissue formed from necrosis and allow for more efficient implantation. In this review, we highlight the promise of brown adipocytes with a focus on brown adipogenic differentiation of stem cells using bioengineering approaches, along with potential challenges and opportunities that arise when considering the energy expenditure of BAT for prospective therapeutics.

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“…27 Therefore, assessing the metabolic capabilities of in vitro adipose cultures is important for brown adipose tissue engineering, 56 and if replicated, could provide a way to combat obesity. 55 One technique used to monitor this thermogenic process in vitro requires the use of a commercially available probe that exhibits fluorescence upon oxygen depletion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…55 One technique used to monitor this thermogenic process in vitro requires the use of a commercially available probe that exhibits fluorescence upon oxygen depletion. In order to ensure the availability of a finite amount of oxygen, the cells are covered by a non-toxic mineral oil, 56 making the addition of chemicals or compounds and repeated measures on the same samples more difficult. 49 Commercially available devices such as extracellular flux analyzers, have also been used to evaluate mitochondrial respiration and are label free and non-destructive 21,49 and have been used to determine thermogenesis in human brown adipose progenitors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-invasive Assessments of Adipose Tissue Metabolism In Vitro

et al. 2015

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Adipose tissue engineering is a diverse area of research where the developed tissues can be used to study normal adipose tissue functions, create disease models in vitro, and replace soft tissue defects in vivo. Increasing attention has been focused on the highly specialized metabolic pathways that regulate energy storage and release in adipose tissues which affect local and systemic outcomes. Non-invasive, dynamic measurement systems are useful to track these metabolic pathways in the same tissue model over time to evaluate long term cell growth, differentiation, and development within tissue engineering constructs. This approach reduces costs and time in comparison to more traditional destructive methods such as biochemical and immunochemistry assays and proteomics assessments. Towards this goal, this review will focus on important metabolic functions of adipose tissues and strategies to evaluate them with noninvasive in vitro methods. Current non-invasive methods, such as measuring key metabolic markers and endogenous contrast imaging will be explored.

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Apelin Enhances Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipocytes

Cited by 88 publications

References 76 publications

Cardiotrophin‐1 Regulates Adipokine Production in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes and Adipose Tissue From Obese Mice

Cardiotrophin‐1 Regulates Adipokine Production in 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes and Adipose Tissue From Obese Mice

Opportunities and challenges in three-dimensional brown adipogenesis of stem cells

Non-invasive Assessments of Adipose Tissue Metabolism In Vitro

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