Three strains of Bacillus anthracis and seven strains of Bacilus cereus were grown on complex medium and on synthetic medium. Gas chromatographic analysis of whole-cell fatty acids of strains grown on complex medium gave nearly identical fatty acid patterns. Fatty acid patterns of strains grown on synthetic medium showed a high content of branched-chain fatty acids. Significant differences between the fatty acid patterns of the two species were found. Odd iso/anteiso fatty acid ratios were about equal in B. anthracis strains, whereas in B. cereus strains the fractions of iso acids were at least twice as high as the fractions of anteiso acids. The method described herein is used in our diagnostic laboratory to help differentiate between these two species.
Summary
Within the framework of an extensive research programme, the socio‐economic and environmental conditions which influence the emergence of soil‐borne diseases in north‐eastern Mexico were analysed. Furthermore, specimens collected from carcasses in the field were bacteriologically examined and the causal organisms of soil‐borne diseases differentiated by means of gas chromatographic analysis of their metabolic products and the long‐chained fatty acids contained in the cell. With experimental clostridial vaccines prepared with the Goettingen Bioreactor Technique, trials to protect cattle and guinea‐pigs against gas gangrene were carried out. It was found that the farm structure and the dry climate as well as the specific soil conditions and plant cover favour the emergence of soil‐borne diseases. Causal organisms B. anthracis, C. perfringens, C. sordellii, C. haemolyticum, C. chauvoei/ septicum, C. novyi A, C. botulinum and site‐specific field strains of clostridia were detected. Experimental site‐specific vaccines proved to be highly efficient in protecting cattle and guinea‐pigs.
Zusammenfassung
Im Rahmen eines umfangreichen Forschungsprogramms wurden die die Entstehung von Bodenseuchen beeinflussenden sozioökonomischen und Umwéltbedingungen analysiert. Von Kadavern auf der Weide gesammelte Proben wurden bakteriologisch untersucht und die isolierten Erreger von Bodenseuchen mit Hilfe gaschromatographischer Analyse ihrer Metaboliten und der langkettigen, in der Zellwand enthaltenen Fettsäuren differenziert. Mit mittels der Göttinger Bioreaktor‐Technik hergestellten Vakzinen wurden Rinder und Meerschweinchen versuchsweise gegen Gasoedem schutzgeimpft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Betriebsstruktur und das Trockenklima genauso wie die besonderen Bodenverhältnisse und Pflanzendecke das Zustandekommen von Bodenseuchen begünstigen. Als Erreger konnten B. anthracis, C. perfringens, C. sordellii, C. haemolyticum, C. chauvoei/ septicum, C. novyi A, C. botulinum und standortspezifische Feldstämme von Clostridien isoliert werden. Die experimentellen standortspezifischen Vakzinen erwiesen sich als hochwirksam bei der Verhütung von Gasoedem bei Rindern und Meerschweinchen.
Clostridium perfringens de type A a été isolé dans différents organes et dans l'intestin de jeunes dromadaires âgés de 3 à 5 semaines, morts de nécrose du muscle cardiaque. Aucun autre agent pathogène bactérien n'a été isolé. L'isolement de virus sur deux lignées cellulaires différentes, dont une culture de cellules cutanées foetales de dromadaire s'est également avéré négatif. Les souris ayant reçu des injections de filtrats dépourvus de bactéries préparés à partir de contenus intestinaux de jeunes dromadaires autopsiés sont mortes après 1 à 6 h, révélant la présence de toxines clostridiennes. Nos résultats montrent que la nécrose du muscle cardiaque est provoquée par les toxines de Clostridium perfringens de type A.
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