Summary Within the framework of an extensive research programme, the socio‐economic and environmental conditions which influence the emergence of soil‐borne diseases in north‐eastern Mexico were analysed. Furthermore, specimens collected from carcasses in the field were bacteriologically examined and the causal organisms of soil‐borne diseases differentiated by means of gas chromatographic analysis of their metabolic products and the long‐chained fatty acids contained in the cell. With experimental clostridial vaccines prepared with the Goettingen Bioreactor Technique, trials to protect cattle and guinea‐pigs against gas gangrene were carried out. It was found that the farm structure and the dry climate as well as the specific soil conditions and plant cover favour the emergence of soil‐borne diseases. Causal organisms B. anthracis, C. perfringens, C. sordellii, C. haemolyticum, C. chauvoei/ septicum, C. novyi A, C. botulinum and site‐specific field strains of clostridia were detected. Experimental site‐specific vaccines proved to be highly efficient in protecting cattle and guinea‐pigs. Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen eines umfangreichen Forschungsprogramms wurden die die Entstehung von Bodenseuchen beeinflussenden sozioökonomischen und Umwéltbedingungen analysiert. Von Kadavern auf der Weide gesammelte Proben wurden bakteriologisch untersucht und die isolierten Erreger von Bodenseuchen mit Hilfe gaschromatographischer Analyse ihrer Metaboliten und der langkettigen, in der Zellwand enthaltenen Fettsäuren differenziert. Mit mittels der Göttinger Bioreaktor‐Technik hergestellten Vakzinen wurden Rinder und Meerschweinchen versuchsweise gegen Gasoedem schutzgeimpft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Betriebsstruktur und das Trockenklima genauso wie die besonderen Bodenverhältnisse und Pflanzendecke das Zustandekommen von Bodenseuchen begünstigen. Als Erreger konnten B. anthracis, C. perfringens, C. sordellii, C. haemolyticum, C. chauvoei/ septicum, C. novyi A, C. botulinum und standortspezifische Feldstämme von Clostridien isoliert werden. Die experimentellen standortspezifischen Vakzinen erwiesen sich als hochwirksam bei der Verhütung von Gasoedem bei Rindern und Meerschweinchen.
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