Tropical Animal Health

Seifert, Horst S. H.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0147-6

Cited by 83 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…Occurrence of brucellosis is increasing in tropical and subtropical regions because of practices such as nomadism; communities grazing by livestock, and modern changes to wards larger animal populations and increased commerce [11]. Importation of high producing livestock due to demands for additional animal protein and trend towards intensification of animal production favors the spreas and transmission of the infection [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in and Around Kombolcha, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Tesfaye¹,

Wondimu²,

Asebe³

et al. 2017

Mycobact Dis

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A cross-sectional study was carried out on bovine brucellosis in and around kombolcha form November 2006 to April 2007, in the Amhara Regional State. A total of 240 blood samples were collected from semi-intensively and extensively managed cattle. The Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) was used as a screening test. Those serum samples reacting positively to (RBPT) detected 9 of 240 (3.75%) of the samples as brucellosis positive. The positive sera when further retested using CFT 5 out of 9 RBPT positive sera were confirmed to be positive. The prevalence of brucellosis based on CFT in and around kombolcha was 2.08%, and all positive sera were from old aged female cattle. An attempt was also made to investigate the prevalence rate of abortion and fetal membrane retention in both extensive and semi-intensively management systems. A higher prevalence rate of abortion was recorded in extensively managed cows (10.8) than semi-intensively managed cows (2.08%).The difference in prevalence rate was statistically significant (P<0.05). A relatively higher prevalence rate of retained fetal membrane was found in extensive managed cattle (13.8%) than semi-intensively managed cattle (4.1%). The difference in prevalence rate was statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, the prevalence rate of brucellosis is low in and around kombolcha. However, this low infection of bovine brucellosis may be spreaded in the study area and may cause economic loss and human infection unless control strategy should be conducted.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in and Around Kombolcha, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Tesfaye¹,

Wondimu²,

Asebe³

et al. 2017

Mycobact Dis

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“…The most common route of transmission is the gastrointestinal tract following ingestion of contaminated pasture, feed, fodder, or water, and after birth, fetuses, and newborn calves, all of which may contain a large number of the organisms and constitute a very important source of infection. The bacteria can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected tissue via breaks in skin, ingestion of contaminated tissues or milk products, and inhalation or mucosal exposure to aerosolized bacteria (Seifert, 1996;Radostits et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositivity and risk factors for Brucella in dairy cows in Asella and Bishoftu towns, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Geresu¹,

Ameni²,

Kassa³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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A cross-sectional study was conducted in Asella and Bishoftu towns of Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia to determine seropositivity and associated risk factors exposing dairy cattle to brucellosis from December, 2013 to March, 2014. A total of 570 dairy cattle from 35 herds were purposely selected for inclusion in the study based on abortion history. From 35 farms studied, 80, 55.56 and 100% of the farm owners in small, medium and large herd sizes responded as they were aware of brucellosis, respectively. It was also found out that all farm owners of the study area were dependent on culling of the known Brucella infected animals, while most of the farm owners dispose the after birth to open dump in small and medium herd size farms. All sera sample collected were tested and confirmed serologically using the card test (CT), rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), indirect enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (i-ELISA) and complement fixation test (CFT). Out of 570 samples tested in the present study, an overall sero prevalence was estimated 1.4% (95% CI: 0.241, 3.461) by complement fixation test (CFT). Among the tested samples, 13 (2.28%), 15 (2.63%) and 16 (2.81%) were found positive by the aforementioned tests, respectively. The higher seroprevalence, 3.23% (95% CI: 3.0, 7.4) was observed in Asella compared to Bishoftu (0.52%) town. A Chi-square computed statistical analysis indicated that origin (χ2=6.63; P<0.05), breed type (χ2= 8.49; P<0.05), abortion history (χ2=92.43; P<0.001) and abortion period (χ2=192.97; P<0.001) were the major risk factors for Brucella infection in the study areas. Multivariable logistic regression statistical analysis revealed that origin and breed type were significantly associated with Brucella seropositivity (P<0.05). Consequently, origin was statistically identified to be the major risk factor for brucellosis to occur in relation to other factors (OR=7.56). In conclusion, the prevailing Brucella seropositivity in most of the dairy farms of the study areas signifies the economic importance of brucellosis in the dairy cattle industry and the potential public health implication for human population. Therefore, more proactive measures should be taken to protect the cattle populations from Brucella infection to reduce its economic impact to the dairy industry and the risk of zoonotic infection in exposed human population in the study areas.

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“…Among the top mentioned predisposing factors that expose animals for plant toxicosis in the study area were, food shortage (43.2%), accidental ingestion with feed (40.4%), nutritional deficiency (6.8%), and excess consumption (4.8%) which is similar with the predisposing factors obtained according to Kebede et al (2015) on a study conducted in East Wollega Zone of Oromia Regional State, Western Ethiopia. Other reports from other parts of the world indicated feed, nutritional deficiency, water shortages and others factors like sudden graze aggravate the chance of ingesting toxic plants and poisoned water (Seifert, 1969;Radostits et al, 2007;Adediwura and Kola, 2012;Torres et al, 2012;Abera et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Specially areas where diverse vegetation and animals graze beyond the close supervision of the attendants, feed shortage seasons, when animal's moves from one part of the country to another during feed shortage and trade (Mugera, 1987). Factors that expose animals for plant toxicosis are feed shortage which can force animals to browse perennial shrubs and bushes while most of these perennial plants have been known to contain toxic secondary metabolites (Seifert, 1969).…”

Section: Statement Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Presence, Seasonal Dynamicity and Effect of Toxic Plants on Ruminants in <i>Lare</i> and <i>Itang</i> Districts of Gambella Peoples Regional State Southwest Ethiopia

Gezahegn¹

2017

AVS

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This study was conducted in "Lare" and "Itang" districts of Gambella People's regional state, South Western Ethiopia and assessed the presence, seasonal dynamicity and effect of toxic plants on large and small domestic ruminants. A cross sectional type of research was used to survey potential toxic plants for domestic animals from January 2016 to August 2016 with the help of a structured questionnaire format and plant sampling. A total of 255 individuals were interviewed (151 from "Lare" and 104 from "Itang"), of which 80.4% are males. Both infectious and non-infectious types of diseases challenge the livestock production system in the area (with 65.0%, 30.8%, combination of infectious and non-infectious and infectious diseases alone respectively), despite more than 60.4% said disease is the main livestock rearing obstacle in the areas. About 88.4% said cases of toxic plants mostly occur once per year while, very few of the participants said toxic plants as the problem, that occurs most often and often (8.2%, and 3.4% respectively). Shrubs are main source of plant toxicosis (97.3%). Of the total (146) participants, about 63.0% of them said, they attempt to treat locally/traditionally, while only 32.2% visits modern veterinary service. Among the top mentioned pre-disposing factors that expose animals for plant toxicosis in the study area were, food shortage (43.2%), accidental ingestion with feed (40.4%), nutritional deficiency (6.8%), and excess consumption (4.8%). The most common likely period of the year that plant toxicosis occur in general; beginning of wet season (48.6%), end of rainy season (32.9%), end of the dry season (12.3%) and peak of dry season (2.7%). Cattle, sheep and goats are among the susceptible and can cause various illness and also cause sudden death to them. Among the non-infectious diseases, plant poisonings are one of the non-infectious livestock health problems in the study areas, that resulting huge loss when animals graze in poisonous plant. Some of the identified toxic plants in the area includes Ngiar, Wath (Sorghum arundinaceum), Diir, Magak (Lactuca inermis Forssk), Nyuath and Zom (Ipomoea acquatica Forssk). Other toxic plants identified were Dep gany (Cissus quadrangularis L.), Tach Yaaz (Ipomoae acuatica Forssk) and Hygrophilla schulli (hamilt.) MR. & S. M Almeida species. Proper attention and further toxic plants epidemiological investigations should be conducted for minimizing the direct and indirect loss to the livestock sector in the region.

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Tropical Animal Health

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Sero-prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in and Around Kombolcha, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Sero-prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in and Around Kombolcha, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Seropositivity and risk factors for Brucella in dairy cows in Asella and Bishoftu towns, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Assessing the Presence, Seasonal Dynamicity and Effect of Toxic Plants on Ruminants in <i>Lare</i> and <i>Itang</i> Districts of Gambella Peoples Regional State Southwest Ethiopia

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Tropical Animal Health

Cited by 83 publications

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Sero-prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in and Around Kombolcha, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Sero-prevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in and Around Kombolcha, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia

Seropositivity and risk factors for Brucella in dairy cows in Asella and Bishoftu towns, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Assessing the Presence, Seasonal Dynamicity and Effect of Toxic Plants on Ruminants in &lt;i&gt;Lare&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Itang&lt;/i&gt; Districts of Gambella Peoples Regional State Southwest Ethiopia

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Assessing the Presence, Seasonal Dynamicity and Effect of Toxic Plants on Ruminants in <i>Lare</i> and <i>Itang</i> Districts of Gambella Peoples Regional State Southwest Ethiopia