Dégénérescence sévère du muscle cardiaque provoquée par <em>Clostridium perfringens</em> de type A chez des jeunes dromadaires (<em>Camelus dromedarius</em>)

Abstract

Clostridium perfringens de type A a été isolé dans différents organes et dans l'intestin de jeunes dromadaires âgés de 3 à 5 semaines, morts de nécrose du muscle cardiaque. Aucun autre agent pathogène bactérien n'a été isolé. L'isolement de virus sur deux lignées cellulaires différentes, dont une culture de cellules cutanées foetales de dromadaire s'est également avéré négatif. Les souris ayant reçu des injections de filtrats dépourvus de bactéries préparés à partir de contenus intestinaux de jeunes dromadaires autopsiés sont mortes après 1 à 6 h, révélant la présence de toxines clostridiennes. Nos résultats montrent que la nécrose du muscle cardiaque est provoquée par les toxines de Clostridium perfringens de type A.

Molecular identification of different toxinogenic strains of Clostridium perfringens and histo-pathological observations of camels died of per-acute entero-toxaemia

“…The outbreaks reported in our study had been found to be caused by C. perfringens type A and D. Since, type A is usually present in the intestines of healthy sheep, goat, cattle, camel [ [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] ] and poultry [ 14 , 15 ], hence, this type can cause the infection in these animals at any time, due to inappropriate immune system caused by environmental stress or poor management practices. Moreover, type D of the bacterium is also previously reported to be involved in causing enterotoxaemia in sheep, goats, buffaloes, cattle and camels [ 8 , 41 ].…”

“…Moreover, type D of the bacterium is also previously reported to be involved in causing enterotoxaemia in sheep, goats, buffaloes, cattle and camels [ 8 , 41 ]. Similarly, type A has also been reported to cause per-acute and acute enterotoxaemia in breeding and racing camels [ 13 ] while all the four (A, B, C and D) types, with predominantly type A (75.2%), have been found to cause enterotoxaemia along with diarrhea in young and adult camels [ 24 , 25 ]. Among the reported cases of the disease in camel (26,28–29], the sub-acute forms of enterotoxaemia and death in acute cases have been caused by C. perfringens types C and D in Mongolia [ 28 ], while type D was isolated from the camel calves at Saudi Arabia causing acute catarrhal enteritis [ 26 ] and types C and D have also been found in llama [ 29 ].…”

“…Similarly, intestinal ballooning and blood-stained intestinal contents that lead to bloody diarrhea in camels died of enterotoxaemia have also been reported [ 24 ]. Moreover, acute catarrhal enteritis and acute myocardial degeneration were observed in camels due to C. perfringens [ 26 ] and the bacterium was also recovered from the intestinal contents of camels died from per-acute and acute enterotoxaemia [ 13 ]. In the same context, different pathological lesions like hydropericardium, myocardial hemorrhages, swollen soft kidneys, edematous and congested lungs, intestinal ballooning and congested liver have also been reported in small ruminants [ 46 , 51 ].…”

“…C. perfringens is categorized into seven toxino-types (A to G) on the basis of production of four major lethal toxins including alpha (cpα), beta (cpβ), epsilon (etx) and iota (itx), along with production of other toxins like perfringolysin, β 2 toxin and enterotoxin [ 8 ]. Among the various types of C. perfringens , type A is ubiquitous in nature and is normally present in the intestines of healthy animals like sheep, goat, cattle [ [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] ] and chicken [ 14 , 15 ]. Any aggression in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and the residing microbiota, leads to an imbalance in the gastric defense mechanism and the immune complex, that ultimately promotes a bacterial dysbiosis and an intestinal inflammatory process by C. perfringens , either clinically or sub-clinically [ 16 ].…”

“…Any aggression in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue and the residing microbiota, leads to an imbalance in the gastric defense mechanism and the immune complex, that ultimately promotes a bacterial dysbiosis and an intestinal inflammatory process by C. perfringens , either clinically or sub-clinically [ 16 ]. Consequently, ultimately C. perfringens causes the disease in cattle [ [9] , [10] , [11] , 17 ], sheep [ 11 , 18 , 19 ], goat [ 8 , 18 , 20 , 21 ], horse [ [11] , [22] , [23] ], dog [ 11 ], camel [ 13 , [24] , [25] , [26] ] and poultry [ 11 , 14 , 27 ].…”