The dissipation of trifloxystrobin and its metabolite trifloxystrobin acid in apples and soil was studied, and the half-life (DT₅₀) was estimated in a field study carried out at three different locations for apples and four different locations for soil. Trifloxystrobin was sprayed on apples at 127 g a.i./ha for the dissipation study. Samples of apple and soil for the dissipation experiment were collected at time intervals of 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, and 45 days after treatment. The quantification of residues was done by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The DT₅₀ of trifloxystrobin ranged from 0.54 to 8.8 and 4.8 to 9.5 days in soil and apples at different latitude sites. Photolysis may be the main dissipation pathway for trifloxystrobin, and the number of sunshine hours may be the main factor affecting the trifloxystrobin dissipation rate in the field. For trifloxystrobin acid residues in soil and apples, it first increased and then began decreasing. It was indicated that the risk of trifloxystrobin application in shorter sunshine hour area should be considered.

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The regulation mechanism of the hybrid yellow cat sh "Huangyou-1" was assessed under conditions of hypoxia and reoxygenation by examination of oxygen sensors and by monitoring respiratory metabolism, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The expressions of genes related to oxygen sensors (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, VHL, HIF-1β, PHD2, and FIH-1) were upregulated in the brain and liver during hypoxia, and recovered compared with control upon reoxygenation. The expressions of genes related to glycolysis (HK1, PGK1, PGAM2, PFK, and LDH) were increased during hypoxia and then recovered compared with control upon reoxygenation. The expressions of CS and SDH were lower than those of control during hypoxia and increased upon reoxygenation. Under hypoxic conditions, the expressions of genes related to oxidative stress (SOD1, SOD2, GSH-Px, and CAT) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px) and MDA were upregulated compared with control. The expressions of genes related to apoptosis (Apaf-1, Bax, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and p53) were higher than those in control during hypoxic exposure, while the expressions of Bcl-2 and Cyt C were decreased. The ndings of the transcriptional analyses will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of hybrid yellow cat sh "Huangyou-1" under conditions of hypoxia and reoxygenation.

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Previous report showed that leukemia cells' differentiation could be induced by retinoic acid (RA), and prostate cancer cells' proliferation could be inhibited by Vitamin D or its analog. This study aimed to examine whether RA and vitamin D analog EB1089 have synergistic effect on hepatocellular cancer cells' apoptosis. The hepatocellular cancer cell lines' viability was determined by MTT method after treating by RA and EB1089 alone or in combination, cell cycle of SSMC-7721 cell analyzed by FACS, mitochondrial membrane potential of SSMC-7721 under different treatments were detected using MitoTracker Red CMXRos. TUNEL analysis was also used for cell apoptosis detection. Real time-PCR and Western Blot assay were used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Moreover, hepatocellular cancer model was developed by subcutaneously (S.C.) challenging H22 cells to nude mice. In the combination group (10 lmol/L RA, 10 nmol/L EB1089), the viability of hepatocellular cancer cells decreased significantly compared with drugs used alone (P \ 0.05). From the TUNEL analysis, SSMC-7721 cells have a higher apoptotic ratio in the combined drug group than in the groups for which the drugs were used separately. In a hepatocellular cancer model, the tumor weight of H22 tumor bearing mice was more reduced in the combined drug treated group when compared to the groups for which the drugs were used alone (P \ 0.05), in addition, significantly prolonged survival was observed. Combination of RA and EB1089 exert synergistic growth inhibition and apoptosis induction on hepatocellular cancers cells.

Many components in ovarian follicles (follicular fluid, cumulus cells, granular cells, etc.) dynamically change during folliculogenesis and play a positive or negative role in oocyte maturation. Infertile women who underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment in the reproductive medicine centre of Hangzhou Women’s Hospital between October 2018 and October 2021 were included. The ovarian follicular fluid and cumulus cells of diminished ovarian response (DOR) patients and control subjects with medical records of clinical data were collected. In total, 31 differentially expressed proteins, including 10 upregulated proteins (>1.50-fold, P<0.05) and 21 downregulated proteins (<0.67-fold, P<0.05), were identified in mature vs. immature oocytes by iTRAQ labelling coupled with 2D LC-MS/MS. GO analysis revealed that ‘cell population proliferation’ was the most diverse enrichment trend between up/downregulated proteins, while phagosome process and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway were the two most significant pathways revealed by KEGG enrichment classification. Human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP, ACPP) and CD5 antigen-like (CD5L) were two proteins verified by ELISA to be differentially expressed between MII and Gv oocytes (P<0.0001 and P<0.0001, respectively). Further measurement found significantly lower level of ACPP in follicular fluids and cumulus cells of DOR patients (P=0.028 and P=0.004, respectively), as an indicator of oocyte quality. Otherwise, CD5L level is upregulated in follicular fluid of DOR patients (P<0.0001). Our study provided experimental data to establish the objective indicator of oocyte maturation in the microenvironment of ovarian follicles, and also provided new insight into the measurement of oocyte quality.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major obstacles to the successful application of cancer chemotherapy. Herein, we developed light-responsive doxorubicin-and-verapamil-coencapsulated gold liposomes to overcome MDR. Upon ns-pulsed laser irradiation, the highly confined thermal effect increased the permeability of the phospholipid bilayer, triggering the release of doxorubicin and verapamil, leading to high concentrations in cells. Free verapamil efficiently inhibited the membrane multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs), while the high concentration of doxorubicin saturated MRPs, thus overcoming MDR. We showed that nanosecond- (ns-) pulsed laser- (532 nm, 6 ns) induced doxorubicin release from gold liposomes depended on laser fluence and pulse number. More than 58% of the doxorubicin was released with a 10-pulse irradiation (100 mJ/cm2). Furthermore, ns laser pulses also liberated doxorubicin from endocytosed gold liposomes into the cytosol in MDA-MB-231-R cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin coencapsulated with verapamil was significantly enhanced upon laser irradiation. This study suggested that light-triggered on-demand release of chemotherapeutic agents and MRP inhibitors could be used advantageously to overcome multidrug resistance.

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