This research aims to reveal the representation of multiculturalism about the complexity of the Tengger tradition. This study used a qualitative approach to the design of ethnography. The data of this research are in the form of folkloristic expressions manifested in utterances or symbolic behavior. Sources of data in this study were native speakers of Tengger. Data were collected using observation and interviews. The data obtained were then analyzed through three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The research findings show that multiculturalism can be represented in various Tengger tradition. Some of them are present in karo celebration performance that contains traditions of gantenan cecelukan, andon mangan, and nyandaran. Instead of these traditions, the tolerance value is also indicated in sayan tradition, such as sayan hajatan, sayan of farming, sayan of building a house, and sayan of building a place of worship. The multicultural Tengger community recognizes the concept of desakalapatra, a different custom in every Tengger region. However, by the existence of traditional support, these differences were able to be managed well. The Tengger people became more open-minded in understanding and accepting any differences between them through multiculturalism and tolerance of desakalapatra value. The solid religious tolerance in the Tengger tradition is also affected in bonding the harmony. As a result, Tengger people are always unity both culture and tradition, though they believe diversity subsistence around them.
This study aims to describe the affixation of Madurese verbs in the Pamekasan dialect of low speech level based on the perspective of derivation and inflexion. The data of this research is in the form of Pamekasan dialect Madurese verbs. The data sources in this study were 10 informants who were native speakers of the Pamekasan Madura dialect, which were determined using the snowball sampling technique. Data collection is done by using the interview method with elicitation techniques. The data obtained were then analyzed through three stages: the data reduction stage, the data presentation stage, and the conclusion preparation stage. The results showed three processes of verb-forming affixation in the Pamekasan dialect of Madura, including prefixation, suffixation, and confixation. Based on the data, it was found that several affixes that make up Pamekasan dialect Madurese verbs, including prefixes ma–, a–, ta–, N–, –, pa–, pa–, nga–, and ka–, suffixes –a, – aghi, and –è, and the confixes a–aghi, N–aghi, N–è, ma–aghi, –aghi, ma–ana, –è, a–an, ma–è, and ma–an. This affixation is divided into inflectional affixation, transpositional derivational affixation, and non-transpositional derivational affixation.
Tujuan Penelitian Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kinerja dan disiplin kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja pendidik di MTS Negeri 1 Situbondo. Teknik penentuan responden penelitian menggunakan populasi. Dari hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan garis regresi, rumus analisis varians menghasilkan Ry empiris (1,2) dari 0,72. Yang ketika dikonsultasikan dengan R-table dengan N sebanyak 52 responden dan taraf signifikansi 5% diperoleh 0,274 perhitungan dimaksudkan untuk membuktikan hipotesis kerja utama menggunakan uji signifikansi. Dari hasil perhitungan analisis varians garis regresi diperoleh Freg sebesar 26,7552. Dan ketika dikonsultasikan dengan F tabel untuk db = 2 dan db = 49 dengan tingkat signifikansi 5% diperoleh 3,1866. Jadi hasil perhitungan ini menunjukkan bahwa FIG lebih besar dari F-tabel. Berdasarkan analisis data di muka, hipotesis pekerjaan utama yang menyatakan "ada pengaruh kinerja dan disiplin kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja pendidik di MTs Negeri 1 Situbondo" diterima.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk reduplikasi nomina dan verba bahasa Using. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian berupa kata ulang nomina dan verba dalam bahasa Using yang diperoleh dari penutur asli bahasa Using. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara. Kemudian data temuan dianalisis melalui tiga tahapan, yaitu tahap reduksi data, tahap penyajian data, dan tahap penyusunan kesimpulan. Validasi data dilakukan dengan menggunakan validasi metode dan validasi sumber. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan empat bentuk reduplikasi nomina, meliputi reduplikasi penuh, reduplikasi sebagian, reduplikasi berimbuhan, dan reduplikasi berubah fonem. Selain itu, ditemukan tiga bentuk reduplikasi verba, meliputi reduplikasi penuh, reduplikasi berimbuhan, dan reduplikasi berubah fonem. Reduplikasi pada kelas kata nomina dan verba bahasa Using ini terbagi ke dalam reduplikasi derivasional dan reduplikasi infleksional. Setiap bentuk reduplikasi memiliki fungsi gramatikal dan fungsi semantik yang bermacam-macam berdasarkan proses pembentukannya.
This study aims to describe the acquisition of the first language of children aged three years based on phonological aspects including, the acquisition of vowels, acquisition of consonants, and factors that influence the acquisition of phonology in children. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The research data is in the form of children's speech. The data source was obtained from a three-year-old child named AMS who grew up in an environment with Madurese first language. At the age of three years, AMS is going through a golden period or a critical period. During this golden period, children begin to be able to carry out the language acquisition process. Data collection was carried out using observation and interview methods. After that, the data obtained were then analyzed through three stages, namely the data reduction stage, the data preparation stage, and the conclusion drawing stage. The findings of the study indicate that at the age of three, children are already fluent in the Madurese language, but there is little influence of Indonesian on the child's Madurese language. At this age, children get a phonemic inventory of the Madurese language, including Indonesian. The child has mastered the vowels [a], [i], [u], [e], and [o] along with their allophones. In addition, children also master several consonant sounds, including [b], [p], [m], [n], [w], [j], [k], [g], [p], [ l], [ŋ], [ɲ], [h], [tʃ],, [ʃ] and [ʤ]. Meanwhile, the sounds [r], [s], and [f] cannot be pronounced properly even though they are located at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of the word. Based on the results of observations, the limitations of children in pronouncing some of these consonants are caused by the child's articulator factor which has not grown perfectly. Even though the researchers provoked consonants that had not yet appeared in the child's pronunciation, the child was still not able to pronounce the sound of the consonant phoneme. In this regard, it can be seen that the phonological acquisition of a child's first language is not determined by the year, but is strongly influenced by neurobiological factors. Therefore, it is not impossible if the acquisition of the sounds of children of the same age in the same year can be different in number, because what is universal is not the year, but the appearance of these sounds. Another factor that affects the acquisition of AMS phonology is the stimulus provided by the family and the environment around the child. Based on some of the data found, certain sounds are the result of imitation. Therefore, the acquisition of a child's first language is also greatly influenced by the environment around the child.
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