BACKGROUND:The most reliable prognostic factor in colon cancer is the TNM classification. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in stage II colon cancer. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the density of TILs that were positive for cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) (T-cell coreceptor), CD45 isoform RO (CD45RO) (protein tyrosine phosphatase), nuclear transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and CD25 (a type I transmembrane protein) according to tumor site (intraepithelial and stromal) in samples from 87 patients who had stage II colon cancer. These variables were evaluated for their association with histopathologic features along with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: Intraepithelial CD3-posititve (CD3þ), CD45ROþ, CD25þ, and FOXP3þ TILs were associated significantly with better DFS (P ¼ .049, P ¼ .009, P ¼ .013, and P ¼ .001, respectively). The estimated 5-year OS rates for patients who had high-density CD45ROþ and FOXP3þ expression was 100% for both compared with 79.2% and 78.8% for patients who had low-density CD45ROþ and FOXP3þ expression (P ¼ .017 and P ¼ .040, respectively). A significant prognostic factor for both OS and DFS was high-density stromal CD45ROþ lymphocytic infiltration (OS: P ¼ .031; relative risk [RR], 0.134; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.015-1.164; DFS: P ¼ .013; RR, 0.198; 95% CI, 0.055-0.710); whereas intraepithelial FOXP3þ expression was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (P ¼ .032; RR, 0.108; 95% CI, 0.014-0.821). CONCLUSIONS: FOXP3þ and CD45ROþ TILs demonstrated independent prognostic significance for survival in the current investigation. These results may help to improve the prognostication of early stage colon cancer. Cancer 2010;116:5188-99.

Flexible stents effectively relieved acute colonic obstruction secondary to malignant rectosigmoid neoplasm. Stent placement allowed patients to undergo single-stage surgery in most cases and provided palliative decompression in cases of inoperable or disseminated disease.

In this large cross-sectional study, higher levels of serum triglycerides were significantly associated with an increasing prevalence of both non-advanced and advanced colorectal adenomas, while higher levels of ApoA-1 and HDL cholesterol were significantly associated with an increasing prevalence of non-advanced adenomas.

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Based on this retrospective analysis, the ovarian metastatectomy significantly prolonged survival in CRC patients with ovarian metastases. The potential role of an ovarian metastatectomy in the management of CRC should be prospectively studied.

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Purpose: Identification of novel biomarkers of cancer is important for improved diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention. This study aimed to identify marker genes of colorectal cancer (CRC) by combining bioinformatics analysis of gene expression data and validation experiments using patient samples and to examine the potential connection between validated markers and the established oncogenes such as c-Myc and K-ras.Experimental Design: Publicly available data from GenBank and Oncomine were meta-analyzed leading to 34 candidate marker genes of CRC. Multiple case-matched normal and tumor tissues were examined by RT-PCR for differential expression, and 9 genes were validated as CRC biomarkers. Statistical analyses for correlation with major clinical parameters were carried out, and RNA interference was used to examine connection with major oncogenes.Results: We show with high confidence that 9 (ECT2, ETV4, DDX21, RAN, S100A11, RPS4X, HSPD1, CKS2, and C9orf140) of the 34 candidate genes are expressed at significantly elevated levels in CRC tissues compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, high-level expression of RPS4X was associated with nonmucinous cancer cell type and that of ECT2 with lack of lymphatic invasion while upregulation of CKS2 was correlated with early tumor stage and lack of family history of CRC. We also demonstrate that RPS4X and DDX21 are regulatory targets of c-Myc and ETV4 is downstream to K-ras signaling.Conclusions: We have identified multiple novel biomarkers of CRC. Further analyses of their function and connection to signaling pathways may reveal potential value of these biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of CRC.