Adiponectin was found to be expressed in myofibroblasts. Adiponectin expression was significantly suppressed by induction of colitis, and aggravation of colitis after exposure to omega-3 fat may be due to a further decrease in the expression level of adiponectin.
SummaryThe aetiology of Crohn's disease (CD) remains unknown. Since SAMP1/Yit mice have been reported to develop CD-like spontaneous enteric inflammation, such mice have been studied as an animal model of CD. In this study, using this model we examined T lymphocyte migration in microvessels of intestinal mucosa in vivo and the expression of adhesion molecules by immunohistochemistry. Fluorescence-labelled T lymphocytes isolated from AKR/J (control) mice were injected into the tail veins of recipient mice, and T lymphocyte migration in the postcapillary venules of Peyer's patches, submucosal microvessels, and villus capillaries of the terminal ileum was monitored using an intravital microscope.
The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) is not known. However, monocytes and macrophages are thought to play important roles in the development of mucosal inflammation. Therefore, in this study, we examined the role of monocyte-endothelial cell interactions in senescence-accelerated mouse P1 (SAMP1)/Yit mice, a murine model of spontaneous ileitis. Fluorescence-labeled CD14+ monocytic cells isolated from the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of AKR/J (control) mice were injected into the tail veins of recipient (AKR/J and SAMP1/Yit) mice, and migration in the postcapillary venules (PCV) of Peyer's patches, submucosal venules, and villus microvessels of the terminal ileum was monitored by using an intravital microscope. Rolling and adhesion of CD14+ monocytic cells in the PCV of Peyer's patches and microvessels of the terminal ileum were increased in SAMP1/Yit mice. An immunohistochemical study showed increased expression of P-selectin glycoprotein-1 (PSGL-1), P-selectin, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in the terminal ileum of SAMP1/Yit mice. Antibodies against these three adhesion molecules significantly inhibited adhesion of CD14+ monocytic cells to the PCV of Peyer's patches and microvessels of the terminal ileum, treatment with an anti-PSGL-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) showing the strongest suppressive effect. Anti-PSGL-1 mAb also attenuated T cell adhesion in microvessels of intestinal mucosa. In addition, periodical administration of an anti-PSGL-1 mAb for 7 weeks significantly ameliorated ileitis of SAMP1/Yit mice. The results suggest that PSGL-1-P-selectin interaction plays an important role in monocyte-endothelial cell interactions and the development of ileitis in a murine model of CD and that the blockade of this adhesion molecule may be a novel strategy for treating CD.
Background:A clinical study was conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine for sedation of patients undergoing routine upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Methods: Forty middle-aged patients who were admitted for medical examination were randomized to receive an initial loading dose infusion of dexmedetomidine 6.0 mg/kg per h over 10 min followed by a maintenance infusion of 0.6 mg/kg per h (group A) or rapid infusion of midazolam 0.05 mg/kg (group B) as sedation for routine endoscopy. Sixty patients did not receive sedative agent (group C). Assessment included measurement of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), oxygen saturation, and endoscopy duration. Results: There were no statistically significant differences among the groups in baseline characteristics.The level of sedation was similar between groups A and B, and the gag response score was significantly lower in the sedated groups than in group C. Hemodynamic stability was also demonstrated in group A during and after the endoscopic procedure. Increased systolic/diastolic BP was significantly attenuated in group A compared with group C. Interestingly, HR was significantly suppressed in group A than in groups B and C. In groups A and B, SpO2 was decreased compared with group C during and after the procedures; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference among the groups with endoscopy duration. Conclusions: For sedation during upper endoscopy, dexmedetomidine is as safe and effective as midazolam, and it significantly reduces HR and BP during and after the endoscopic procedures.
SummaryClinical studies using omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w3-PUFA) to Crohn's disease (CD) are conflicting. Beneficial effects of dietary w3-PUFA intake in various experimental inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) models have been reported. However, animal models of large intestinal inflammation have been used in all previous studies, and the effect of w3 fat in an animal model of small intestinal inflammation has not been reported. We hypothesized that the effects of w3 fat are different between large and small intestine. The aim of this study was to determine whether the direct effect of w3 fat is beneficial for small intestinal inflammation. Senescence accelerated mice (
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.